1、ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 349 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved 7) FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ? ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 350 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reser
2、ved 7.1OVERVIEW ABOUT THESE STANDARDS? ?. 354 7.1.1 GENERAL?.354 7.1.2 REFERENCE?.356 7.2FIRE PREVENTION?. 356 7.2.1 EXTERNAL IGNITION CONTROL?! .357 7.2.2 WHEN PROTECTION IS REQUIRED#$%&(?)*?+.357 7.2.2.1 Degree of Protection*?+?,?-.357 7.2.3 THERMAL ENERGY SOURCES.?/.358 7.2.4 HUMAN INVLOVMENT0123
3、.358 7.2.5 INITIAL FIRE GROWTH?456?7.358 7.2.5.1 Fuel For Ignition8?9:.358 7.2.5.2 Decorations ;?A.360 7.2.6 FIRE DURATION?B?C%D.361 7.2.6.1 Fuel Load Distribution 9:FEHGI?J.361 7.2.6.2 Time-temperature curve %D-K-MLON.361 7.3COMPARTMENTATION IP. 363 7.3.1 RATING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTSQ?RS?T1?HU?V.3
4、63 7.3.2 TYPE IV CONSTRUCTIONWXIV R?Y.364 7.3.2.1 General ZA.364 7.3.2.2 Columns .364 7.3.2.3 Floor Framing?_.364 7.3.2.4 Roof Framing?a_.364 7.3.2.5 Flooring?bc.365 7.3.2.6 Roofs?a.365 7.3.2.7 Wallsde.365 7.3.2.8 Exterior Structural Members?Q?R?f.365 7.3.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS gh?i?-?j?kl.366
5、 7.3.3.1 Height of Buildinggh?im-.366 7.3.3.2 Clarificationn?o.366 7.3.3.3 Classification of Buildings ghF2ImW.366 7.3.4 BARRIERS TO FIRE SPREAD ?p?J?2qr.367 7.3.4.1 Floors ?.367 7.3.4.2 Fire Walls, Doors and Dampers2?d?s?HutOj121v.367 7.3.4.3 Fire Partitions, Doors and Dampers2wd1s?HxtyjH1v.368 ENG
6、INEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 351 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved 7.3.4.4 Corridor Walls, Doors and Dampers zd?e1s?mxtOjH1v.369 7.3.4.5 Exit Stairwell Enclosures|m?1g?xd.369 7.3.4.6 Elevator EnclosuresO?d.370 7.3.4.7 Other Shafts?.3
7、70 7.3.4.8 Escalators?.370 7.3.4.9 Atria!.371 7.3.4.10 Separation of Use Spaces?FDI.373 7.3.4.11 Separation of Use Groups ?1I?.373 7.3.4.12 Other Areas ?PH.374 7.3.5 BARRIERS TO SMOKE SPREAD?p?J?qr.375 7.3.5.1 Physical Barriers =?qr.375 7.3.5.2 Smoke Management Systems? ?.376 7.4DETECTION, ALARM AND
8、 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION?, ?j?377 7.4.1 DETECTION .377 7.4.1.1 Human Detection 0?!?.377 7.4.1.2 Heat .378 7.4.1.3 Smoke.378 7.4.2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ?.380 7.4.2.1 Emergency Paging and Voice Alarm System?F2j?.380 7.4.2.2 Firemans Telephone System FO?.381 7.4.2.3 Smoke Management System?.381 7.4.2.4 Eq
9、uipment c?.381 7.4.2.5 Fire Alarm System Operation m?2.384 7.4.2.6 Emergency Voice Evacuation Systems Operation ?p?.388 7.4.2.7 Firemans Telephone System Operation?y?.390 7.4.2.8 Pocket Pager Interface ?FH?.390 7.4.2.9 Smoke Management Control System ? ?.391 7.4.2.10 Lift InterfaceO.391 7.4.2.11 Hea
10、ting, Ventilating and Air ConditioningFs?j.392 7.4.2.12 Building Management System (BMS) gh?BMS.392 7.4.2.13 Sprinkler/Fire Pump Systemm/F?.392 7.4.3 COMMISSIONING & TESTING OF FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENTFHc?j?.393 7.4.3.1 Alarms .393 7.4.3.2 System Operation ?1!.393 7.4.3.3 Local Action on Alarm?.395
11、 7.4.4 FIRE DEPARTMENT NOTIFICATION Hxt?!.395 7.4.4.1 Automatic1.395 7.4.4.2 Manual0.397 7.4.5 RECORDS AND INSTRUCTIONSm?jn1o.397 7.5ESCAPE ROUTES AND EMERGENCY POWER?. 397 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 352 2008-REV-01 All Rights
12、 Reserved 7.5.1 SUMMARY?.397 7.5.2 ESCAPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS6?7?I.399 7.5.2.1 Exit Access System|m?.400 7.5.2.2 Exit Access Capacity|m?.400 7.5.2.3 Distance of Travel and Exit Separation?j|mx1I?1!.401 7.5.2.4 Exit Protection|?x1!*+.402 7.5.2.5 Exit Access Identification|m?11!?.403 7.5.3 PROTECTED MEA
13、NS OF ESCAPE ?*?+?F6?.403 7.5.3.1 Capacity?.404 7.5.3.2 Minimum Number of Exits4?|mx.405 7.5.3.3 Egress Capacity for All Occupancies?1?.405 7.5.3.4 Occupant Load (Population Density)?FEH0?-x.405 7.5.3.5 Horizontal Exits?|m?.406 7.5.4 MARKING OF EXITS|m?.406 7.5.4.1 Protection*?+.407 7.5.4.2 Dimensio
14、ns.408 7.5.4.3 Security*F|.408 7.5.4.4 Stairwell and Ramp Dimension Requirementsgj?).409 7.5.4.5 Exit Discharge System4?p?1?.409 7.5.4.6 Capacity?.409 7.5.4.7 LocationF.410 7.5.4.8 Enclosure!d.410 7.5.4.9 Marking of Exit Discharge4?p?!?.410 7.5.4.10 Security at Exit Discharge Doors 4?p12*|.411 7.5.5
15、 LIGHTING, MARKING AND EMERGENCY POWER o,j?x/.411 7.5.5.1 Lightingo.411 7.5.5.2 Exit and Directional Signs|mx1j?y.412 7.5.5.3 Emergency Power Requirements?/).412 7.6FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT SYSTEMS?. 414 7.6.1 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMSFm?.414 7.6.2 HYDRAULICALLY DESIGNED SYSTEMS (REQUIRED BY IHG)?c?IHG
16、).416 7.6.3 PIPE SCHEDULE SYSTEMS?F?.417 7.6.4 MANUAL SYSTEMS?.417 7.6.5 SPECIFICATION & APPLICATION GUIDE?j?.417 7.6.5.1 Sprinkler Systemsm?.417 7.6.5.2 Restaurant hood, duct and cooking appliance systems ?Fs!mj? .419 7.6.5.3 Computer rooms?.424 7.6.5.4 First aid fire hose reels (hose racks)m2?m_?m
17、_u.424 7.6.5.5 Hand held fire extinguishersB?.424 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 353 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved 7.6.5.6 Hydrant Systems F?.425 7.6.5.7 Standpipes and Hose Reels?j?m_.426 7.6.5.8 Siamese Connections? ?!?#.428 7
18、.6.6 WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS?).429 7.6.6.1 Methodology$%.429 7.6.6.2 Worked Example?&(.429 7.6.6.3 Permitted Deviations)(*?,+-.431 7.6.7 ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY CONSERVATION.?/?j0m?1?2.431 7.6.8 COMMISSIONING & TESTINGjm.432 7.6.9 OPERATING & MAINTENANCE?j?3?4.432 7.6.10 SPARE PARTS?f.432 7.6.11 APPR
19、OVED MANUFACTURERS5?1!Y6.433 7.6.12 FIRE PROTECTION CHECK LISTF?7?8S.433 7.7RELATED FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS9?H?). 435 7.7.1 FIRE COMMAND CENTRE (FCC)?:?(?jA?%CB?D.436 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 354 2008-REV-01 All Rights
20、Reserved 7.1 OVERVIEW ABOUT THESE STANDARDS E?FE?FE?FE?F - G?H?I?J?K?LG?H?I?J?K?LG?H?I?J?K?LG?H?I?J?K?L These standards have been developed by InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) Asia Pacific Division for use by architects, engineers, developers, interior designers, and others who need to be integra
21、lly involved with the development and renovation and re-branding of InterContinental Hotels Group Hotels. This document is intended for use in conjunction with all applicable local codes and regulations. This document is based on internationally accepted fire and life safety standards. This document
22、 is condensed; it is assumed the reader has access to national and international fire codes and standards to emphasis greater detail. Where conflicts or contradictions occur between this document and other IHG documents the contents of this document shall take precedence. Local regulations which est
23、ablish more restrictive limitations than these standards must be followed. When these standards are more restrictive than local regulations, these standards shall be followed. MN?OPQSRUTWVYX?Z_IHG-aT?bc?defgh?iWjkYlnm,op?qrWk(s?trnku,fv?wrnkAmxyz?|?x?TWVYXZSX?Znj(hi?nmx?s?u?jA?g,MA(j?(?A?A?,MWjCQ?N?
24、VWj(?OP,M?Q?nj,v?Q?lm,?Cj?V?j?Y?nm,?jC?n,?M?y?IHG?W,W?WjWuYoAW?AMNOPAp(A|nj?mCnYMN?O?PSCWj,?(?(|?M?N?O?PS InterContinental Hotel Groups Fire and Life Safety standards are designed with five basic areas of building fire safety in mind. TAVX?Z?W?j?C?(?O?PWjv?w?AY?(jC?A 1. Fire Prevention through contr
25、olling the quality of construction and interior finish material YYYY- ?p(q?SuUf?j? 2. Compartmentation Design features to retard the spread of fire and smoke AAAA- ?v?wjAAm?nj? 3. Detection, Alarm and Emergency Communication Designed to alert the staff and guests and local fire department ?- v?w?(s?
26、WmxA?Cf? 4. Escape Routes and Emergency Power to facilitate the safe evacuation of hotel occupants ?!?# ?!?# ?!?# ?!?#- $%X?Z?&?(?) 5. Fire Extinguishment System Consists of automatic sprinklers and other dedicated systems which automatically extinguish fires *?+ ,*?+ ,*?+ ,*?+ ,- -?.0/2134?5Wmx?lWm
27、/21?6Ajy?798 : Fire protection should be provided in all areas of the premises. The fire protection systems must conform to local fire regulations as a minimum and IHG codes which ever are the most stringent and should be based on NFPA codes. gj?S(A;=?CA?8:A?S?W?BC|SmYxIHG jO?Pk?D?E?FB?G?H I?Jk?K L?
28、M?(NFPA j 7.1.1 GENERAL N?O?P?QN?O?P?QN?O?P?QN?O?P?Q The purpose of these standards is to safeguard life and property from fire, explosion, panic or other hazardous conditions which may arise in hotels and/or other buildings with which IHG is connected in any way. M?N?O?PWjRUjCQ(?SmT?U V?WWIHG X?Y Z
29、jCX?Z?/y?Fl(ij?Ak_kbacy?debf?gF?h?(?i?WjC( ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 355 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved Where a variation to these standards is proposed for any reason, IHG s written consent must be obtained. Consent will be
30、 given to upgrading to meet local regulations. Consent will not be given to reducing the level of protection afforded by the following IHG standards. R(T?U?jSR|?k?MN?O?P?lm=nkC?IHG jpo q9rnUn9r?s?O?Pmt?z?c Should it be necessary to look for savings in construction costs, fire protection standards ar
31、e excluded and shall not be reduced under any circumstances. ?(?|?|?pv?kCY?O?P?v-?.u?L?T?U ?x?M?v?w9C It is the primary responsibility of the Architects and Consulting Engineers to obtain complete information on all local fire protection regulations, and on procedures to be followed in obtaining nec
32、essary approvals from local authorities. p?qrS,strnj?|?TAQ?|gWYW(?njCf?kAm,xS(?Y?=b?=b ?= It is the primary responsibility of the Architects, Interior Designers, and Consulting Engineers to ensure compliance with all applicable local fire protection regulations and these standards. To this end, they
33、 shall monitor carefully design drawings, specifications, shop drawings and field construction accordingly. Before construction begins, they shall ensure that design documents have been reviewed and approved by IHG s insurance specialists as well as all local authorities concerned. For building desi
34、gns posing special or unusual fire protection problems the Architect may retain the services of a recognised Fire Protection Consultant, approved by IHG. ?=?b?p? ? ? ?b?b?9? ?b?IHG b=?b?b?p9? ?IHG ? Not only should construction be reviewed to ensure minimum fire hazard, but also to eliminate hazard
35、through toxic fumes and spread of smoke and fumes as a result of fire. ?p? ?9 The Architects must also co-ordinate with the Interior Designers to be sure that finish materials and fixed decor are of fire resistive materials, properly treated where necessary with fire retardant coatings. ?=?p? !#$&%!
36、?()?*+#$,?-./? +?01=9=?23 The Interior Designers must also coordinate with the Purchasing Agents to be sure that fabrics, carpets, furniture etc. meet appropriate standards for flame spread and combustibility and that the treatments will remain effective or be easily maintained for the life of the m
37、aterials and items themselves. Appropriate labels or certificates must be available to confirm the standard. 54?76b?8:9;? AB?C?DEF)G?HIJKLM?N?O?23?#$P7C?Q?RSTU?V?)W?X?YZ X YEO?=9? G?H?_9? Refer to section 1.2.1 for common omissions and problems, these items should be taken into account of any design
38、. abc1.2.1def=g?)?bh?ikj When an IHG property is integrated with or interconnected with another building, the building shall provide protection equal to the fire protection and life safety standards required for the IHG property, as defined by IHGs Design and Engineering department on a case by case
39、 evaluation. ?lmIHGn3Po?=?lmp qrsZO=t?up?vwq?IHG?Tx?=by?IHG ?zlmm?|?,? ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 356 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved 7.1.2 REFERENCE The latest current edition of the National Fire Codes, a Copyright compilati
40、on of the NFPA Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices and Manuals published by the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts, 02269, USA shall be considered as the IHG Fire Protection Standards, except as hereinafter modified. ?4NFPA6?878QNFPA 8?4National Fire Pr
41、otection Association, Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts, 02269, USA6:, ?)? ?IHGpb?_?,?, Without limiting the volume and generality of the National Fire Codes, specific reference is made to the following: :7p?54NFPA6?L?Eab?_? NFPA No. 101+101A Life Safety Code Tx ? NFPA No. 10 Portable Fire Ext
42、inguishers NFPA No. 12 Carbon dioxide Systems NFPA No. 13 Installation of sprinkler Systems ?x! NFPA No. 14 Stand pipes and Hose Systems n NFPA No. 20 Centrifugal Fire Pumps ? NFPA No. 31 Oil Burning Equipment K? NFPA No. 54 National Fuel Gas Code 9K? NFPA No. 58 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Pe
43、troleum Gases ? NFPA No. 70 National Electrical Code 97? NFPA No. 71 Protective Signalling Systems for Guard, Fire Alarms and Supervisory Service, Central Station ? ?9? NFPA No. 72E Automatic Fire Detectors ? NFPA No. 78 +UL96A Lightning Protection Code ? NFPA No. 80 Fire Doors and Windows p7? NFPA
44、No. 85D Fuel Oil Fired Multiple Burner Boilers KK$=K NFPA No .90A Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems NFPA No. 90B Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning System ? NFPA No. 96 Vapour and Smoke Removal Commercial and Cooking Equipment ? NFPA No. 75 Computers All Architects and Consulting Engineers
45、 must verify that the Codes and Sections they are using are the latest applicable. All references in the National Fire Codes, to authority having jurisdiction shall be interpreted as referring to the competent local authority or to IHG, as appropriate. Australian Standards are also acceptable when r
46、equired; IHG must approve the substitution of any standards from NFPA. ?9)?*?Ad)?7?7?7?79b=?8?ab7?E?8)O? nZIHGbtp?s?IHG?NFPApg? 7.2 FIRE PREVENTION The analysis of fire threats in buildings commences with a review of the types of fire threat, how they might ignite, how fast they progress and the sev
47、erity and intensity of longer burning. A hotel is at threat from a fire commencing in an adjacent property. This shall be a consideration for site feasibility analysis. The design of the hotel must take into consideration these types of external risks when developing appropriate fire systems within
48、the hotel. ?A?gK?g9?t?VK?L?g?l?2? =b?bhL?9?O=t? bh? ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 7 FIRE LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS ?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 357 2008-REV-01 All Rights Reserved Factors to consider when designing hotels include sources of thermal energy to ignite and fuels available to be
49、 ignited. Some sources may be electrical or mechanical equipment malfunction. The speed that fires spread at within the hotel is partly controlled by fuels. These can be interior finishes and decorative materials. All consultants have a role to play in selecting appropriate finishes. Lastly the seve
50、rity of building fires generally depends on the amount of combustible materials in the building and is referred to as the “fire load”. The building must be designed to cope with the severity and duration of any potential fire in hotels. ?tp?bh?Ww?K$?W8Z? W=!?!?K$9K$W?54$#?%?&6#?$!(?#$b?(O?#$?t?)?b)p
