1、GrammarUnit 5 Music制作老师: 李胜文 有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语作用的从句作用的从句, , 叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句所定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词修饰的词叫先行词, , 从句跟在先行词后从句跟在先行词后面。面。 定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词或副词+ +陈述句语序陈述句语序, , 关系代词有关系代词有: who, : who, whom, whose, which, that, aswhom, whose, which, that,
2、 as等等; ; 关系副关系副词有词有when, where, whywhen, where, why等。等。关系代词有双重功能, 一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词, 把从句与先行词连接起来; 另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。关系代词之物时只用关系代词之物时只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况(1) (1) 关系代词在从句中作关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时词提前至关系代词前时只用只用which, which, 但但当介词在从句句尾时当介词在从句句尾时, , 两者皆可。两者皆可。 This is the questionThi
3、s is the question about whichabout which weve had so much discussion.weve had so much discussion. = This is the question which / that = This is the question which / that weve had so much discussion about.weve had so much discussion about.(2) (2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用在非限定性定语从句中必须用whichwhich不不能用能用thatthat。 Th
4、is is the book This is the book which/that which/that Im Im looking for.looking for. They have invited me to visit their They have invited me to visit their country, country, whichwhich is very kind of them. is very kind of them.当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时, 介词不可以提前。1. 1. 关系副词关系副词wh
5、erewhere之地点之地点, , 在从句中在从句中作地点状语。作地点状语。 This is the house This is the house wherewhere he lived. he lived.2. 2. 关系副词关系副词whenwhen指时间指时间, , 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语。时间状语。 Ill never forget the days Ill never forget the days when when we we played together.played together.3. 关系副词why指原因, 在从句中作原因状语。 He explained the
6、 reason why he was late.注意: 关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=for which“ “介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词” ”in/with/on/by+ which/whomin/with/on/by+ which/whom1. 1.单个介词单个介词+ +关系代词关系代词(whom, which)(whom, which)介词确定依据介词确定依据: :1)1)依从句中的动词依从句中的动词, ,形容词形容词, ,名词与名词与介词的固定搭配而定介词的固定搭配而定2)2)依先行词与从句中动词
7、依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定的关系及所表达的含义而定The two thing of which they felt very proud The two thing of which they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a machine with whi
8、ch we harvest crops.machine with which we harvest crops.There is a great pain in my right foot, There is a great pain in my right foot, because of because of whichwhich I can only limp along. I can only limp along. They arrived at a farmhouse, They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of whichin front o
9、f which sat an old man.sat an old man.注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开,如look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。例：The babies (who/whom) the nurses look after look strong and happy.2.复杂介词+关系代词(which, whom, whose)常用复杂介词:as a result, at the back of ,because of, in front of, in the middle of, at the b
10、ottom of, on the top of, at the foot of3. 3.单个介词单个介词+ +关系代词关系代词(which, whose)+(which, whose)+名词名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定而定He lived in London for three months, He lived in London for three months, during during whichtimewhichtime he learned some English. he learned some English.Our
11、 English teacher, Our English teacher, with whose helpwith whose help we have we have made great progress in English, has completed made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.thirty years of teaching.4.the+4.the+名词名词+of+of+关系代词关系代词(which, whom)(which, whom)结结构中的名词和后面的关系代词
12、有所属关系构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is designed by Mr Jones.designed by Mr Jones.=This is the book, =This is the book, whose coverwhose cover is designed is designed by Mr Jones.by Mr Jones.=This is the book, =This is the book, of which th
13、e coverof which the cover is is designed by Mr Jones.designed by Mr Jones.5. 5.部分词汇部分词汇/ /结构结构+of+of+关系代词关系代词部分词汇部分词汇/ /结构结构: :1,all, both, none ,neither ,either, many, most, few, 1,all, both, none ,neither ,either, many, most, few, several, enough, half, some, any , one, two, three, the several, en
14、ough, half, some, any , one, two, three, the majority, a number, the youngest, majority, a number, the youngest, 2, 2,数词数词( (基数词基数词, ,序数词序数词, ,百分数百分数, ,分数分数)+)+名词名词3, the+3, the+形容词最高级形容词最高级/ /比较级比较级Here are two pairs of socks, Here are two pairs of socks, either of whicheither of which you may you
15、may choose.choose.The football team has 15 members, The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whomthe oldest of whom is 25 years old.is 25 years old. Discovering useful structures Find out the attributive clauses in the reading passage.1. , at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your m
16、usic?2. , for whom practising their music in someones house is he first step to fame.3. , for which they are paid in cash.4. , most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5. in which they became more serious about their work,6. , with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.Ex 2Ex
17、21. I remember the day when our band 1. I remember the day when our band was formed as if it was yesterday.was formed as if it was yesterday.2. The guitar with which Dave 2. The guitar with which Dave composed our first hit is in a music composed our first hit is in a music museum.museum.3. The name
18、 by which we were to 3. The name by which we were to become famous was chosen by become famous was chosen by Mikes mum.Mikes mum.4. The show at which we played our 4. The show at which we played our first hits was in America. first hits was in America. 5. The singer with whom we practised 5. The sin
19、ger with whom we practised the most was Freddy.the most was Freddy.6. The musicians in whom we have 6. The musicians in whom we have great interest toured Europe with us.great interest toured Europe with us.Exercise 3of which, who, at which, for which, in which, during /in which, without whom 1.that
20、 1.that 与与whichwhich1.Nothing _ can be done has been 1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.done.2.Do you have anything _ you 2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?dont understand ?thatthat先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that1.This is the best TV _
21、 is made in 1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.China.2.The first museum _ he visited in 2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。Ive read all the books _ Ive read all the books _ you lent me.you lent me.
22、that先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that 。1.The famous writer and his works 1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the aroused great interest among the students.students.2.A vi
23、ctim is a person, animal or thing 2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc._ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .thatthat Who _ you have ever seen can do Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?it better ?who做先行词时，引导定语从句用thatthat1.Her bag, in _
24、 she put all her 1.Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she 2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to 3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very muchthe concert, enjoy i
25、t very much. .whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom1)1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book_ which you asked.注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前 forThe old man whom I am looking after is better .如何判断介词2).2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference He referred me to some reference books
26、 _ which I am not very books _ which I am not very familiar.familiar.with3)3)根据先行词判断根据先行词判断, , 所用的介词与先行词所用的介词与先行词 搭配搭配 This is our classroom, _ This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.which there is a teachers desk.in the front ofwhosewhose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系 The river _ banks are
27、covered with trees flows to the sea.whose3 Whose 的使用There are in this class 20 students, There are in this class 20 students, _ are different._ are different.n nA. whose backgrounds A. whose backgrounds n nB. the backgrounds of whomB. the backgrounds of whomn nC. of whom the backgrounds C. of whom t
28、he backgrounds n nD. the backgrounds of whoseD. the backgrounds of whoseThe earth is round,_ we all know.The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all _ is known to all thatthat the earth is the earth is round.round.as
29、AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的4 as 的使用n nThis is the same book as I lost.This is the same book as I lost.n nThis is the same book that I lost.This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we This is such an interesting book _ we all like.al
30、l like.This is so interesting a book _ we all This is so interesting a book _ we all like.like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。定语从句This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句1 It is very useful to master a foreign 1 It is very usef
31、ul to master a foreign language,_ has been said before. language,_ has been said before. which 2 _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像, which 则没有此义。 Ill never forget the day _ we Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.first m
32、et in the park. Ill never forget the time _ Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. I spent with you. Ill never forget the time _ Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.was spent with you. This is the museum _I visited This is the museum _I visited last year .last year .whenwhichthatwh
33、ichthatwhichthat5 when, where, why 5 when, where, why 与与that, which that, which 的区分的区分 This is the reason _ This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was The reason _ she gave was not true.not true.whythatwhich/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在
34、定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。6 6 定语从句中的动词的数定语从句中的动词的数He is the only one in his class who _ He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. (have) got the teachers praise. He is one of the students in his class who He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the tea
35、chers praise. _ (have) got the teachers praise. hashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词Correct the mistakes1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. There is an ol
36、d woman, that is holding a stick. whomwhosewho5. Im using the pen which he bought 5. Im using the pen which he bought it it yesterday.yesterday.6. The man whom I spoke is from 6. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.Canada.7. July 1,1999 is the day when well 7. July 1,1999 is the day when well never
37、forget.never forget.tothat8. Im going to work in the hospital where 8. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.needs me.9. Those that havent been to the West 9. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.Lake will gather at the school gate.whichwho10. Miss Chen is
38、 the only one of the few 10. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. English lessons in our school. gives11. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.12.The bike by which I travelled was his.ason1. George Orwell
39、_ was Eric Arthur, 1. George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real nameC. his real name D. whose real name高考链接D解析: 答案D。whos
40、e引导定语从句时, 只能在从句中作定语, 其他各项均构不成定语从句。2. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell 2. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where A. when B. where C. what D. which C. what D. which D解析: 答案D
41、。whose引导定语从句时,只能在从句中作定语, 其他各项均构不成定语从句。3. What surprised me was not what he 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichC. in the way D. the way whichA解析: 答案A。the way后的定语从句
42、可用in which或that引导, 也可全省略。4. Luckily, wed brought a road map 4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost without _ we would have lost our way. our way. A. it B. that C. this D. whichA. it B. that C. this D. whichD解析: 答案D。without + which引导定语从句。5. (NMET2004) The English play _ my st
43、udents acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 6. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. Which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose7. (89上海) The two things _ they felt very pro
44、ud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which8. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom9. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. ne
45、ither of them注意: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。HomeworkHomework1. 1.Read the grammar items in Read the grammar items in Appendices.Appendices.2. 2.Do Exercise 4 on P37 as homework.Do Exercise 4 on P37 as homework.3. 3.Do the rest exercise in WB. Do the rest exercise in WB.
