1、RJ语法专题词法和句法考点解读实战演练教师备用习题专题4形容词和副词考点解读1.2018全国卷Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-runners.高考链接答案longer考查副词的比较级。句意:一份医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级longer。考点解读2.2018全国卷Runningischeap,easyanditsalways(energy).答案energetic考查词形变化。句意:跑步总是让人充满活力。根据its可知,此处
2、用形容词作表语。故填energetic。考点解读3.2018全国卷Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange:animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.答案actually考查副词。根据语境,此处修饰介词短语behindthechange,故用副词。考点解读4.2018全国卷Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeel(challenge).答案challenged考查
3、形容词。句中的feel是连系动词,其后跟形容词或名词作表语,主语是he,与challenge之间为动宾关系,故用形容词challenged,表示“受到挑战的”。考点解读5.2018全国卷Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.答案loudest考查形容词的最高级。根据上文的“Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.”和后面的ofall可知,三个大猩猩一起尖叫,这只雄性大猩猩叫声最大,三者及三者以上用最高级。考点归纳考点一
4、形容词、副词的功能规则1 形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等,表示主语的状态和特征,不能表示动作的方式,而副词作状语则修饰动词。Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,thelittlegirlranbackhome,happyandsatisfied.被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。考点解读考点归纳Hewalkedhomeslowlywhiletalkingtohimselfandkeptpuzzlingoverwhythetrainhadntwaitedforhimfortwomoreminutes.他一面自言自语,一面慢慢地走回家,不明白为什么火车
5、不肯再等他两分钟。温馨提示 有些副词像fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解释,表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。Surprisingly,nooneintheclasscouldworkouttheproblem.令人惊讶的是,班里没人能解决这个问题。考点解读考点归纳考点二形容词、副词的比较级规则1 同级比较要使用“as+adj./adv.+as”结构。温馨提示 当asas结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:Althoughhewasd
6、isabled,hetriedtoleadasnormalalifeaspossible.虽然他是个残疾人,但他尽可能地去过正常的生活。考点解读考点归纳规则2 比较级前可用much,far,alot,alittle,abit,rather,even,still,agreatdeal等表示程度,但比较级前不能再用more。Shesingsfar/muchbetterthantheothers.她唱得比别人好得多。规则3 比较级前除了可以用程度词修饰外,还可用倍数、分数、百分数修饰。用倍数修饰时,通常用以下结构:(1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B.Thistreeisthreetimesa
7、stallasthatone.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。考点解读考点归纳(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B.Thedictionaryisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone.这本字典比那本恰好贵四倍。(3)A+is+倍数+thesize/length/weight/heightof+B.Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。温馨提示 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。考点解读考
8、点归纳规则4 “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatgivenbyparentsintheworld.父母之爱,是世间最伟大的爱。考点三比较结构的几种固定句型规则1 “the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越,越”。规则2 “比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越”,表示程度逐渐变化。考点解读考点归纳规则3 AistoBwhatCistoD.意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。规则4 cantbetoo+adj.=cant
9、be+adj.+enough意为“无论都不为过,越越”。Youcanneverbetoocareful.=Youcanneverbecarefulenough.你无论怎么小心都不为过。考点解读实战演练.单句填空1.Theresno(great)happinessthanthatofsucceedinginonescareer.答案greater由后面的than可知用形容词的比较级形式。实战演练2.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,under(freeze)water,inthedamagedwoodenship.答案freezingfreezing是形
10、容词,修饰后面的名词water。freezingwater冷水。实战演练3.Itisnot(surprise)thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.答案surprising此处考查“Itis+adj.+that”句式。句意:年轻人有可能爆发,这并不令人吃惊,特别是在有原因这么做的时候。surprising令人吃惊的。实战演练4.Youcanliveamore(power)lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlarg
11、erthanyourself.答案powerful修饰后面的名词应用形容词。powerful强有力的。实战演练5.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend(many)eventsinthecomingyears.答案more句意:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望在来年能参加更多。many的比较级为more。实战演练6.Getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductivepossiblebeforelunch.答案as句意:早起,在午饭前尽量高效。固定表达asaspossible意为“尽可能”。实战
12、演练7.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.答案gradually此处应用副词修饰动词。实战演练8.(fortunate),NataliesfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecitysbridgeclosed.答案Fortunately修饰整个句子,应当用副词形式。实战演练9.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothers(regular)declinetosharefo
13、odwiththeirchildren.答案regularly修饰动词decline应用副词。实战演练10.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.答案especially句意:突然停下来是非常可怕的经历,尤其是在你高速行驶的时候。此处用especially(特别,尤其)强调程度。用副词修饰句子。实战演练11.Awisemancamealongandaskedthem,“Oh,mydearfriends,whyareyoucrying?”“Weweretenbutnow
14、weareonlynine,”theyreplied,andcriedeven(hard).答案harder句意:一位智者走了过来,问他们:“噢,我亲爱的朋友们,你们为什么哭啊?”“我们本来10个人,可现在我们只有9个人了。”他们回答道,哭得甚至更厉害了。根据句意以及设空前的even可知此处需用副词的比较级形式作cried的状语。实战演练12.Ronhada(success)careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.答案successful句意:在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。名词career
15、前需加形容词。实战演练13.Astheycouldntplayoutdoors,theywere(happy),andsomechildrenevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.答案unhappy句意:由于他们不能去外面玩,所以他们不高兴,甚至有些孩子不断地打架。根据上下文逻辑可推知设空处应为形容词unhappy(不高兴)作表语。实战演练14.MyauntadvisedthatIshouldgotohospital,andthetreatmentsheprovidedgavemyparents(value)timetotakemetothehospital.答案va
16、luable句意:我姑姑建议我得去住院,她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时间将我送去了医院。名词time前需用形容词作定语,故答案为valuable。实战演练15.Wecanstartthehabitbywritinglearningsummariesandremembertorecordsomething(impress)andmeaningful.答案impressive句意:我们可以通过写学习总结来开始这个习惯,还要记住记录下给人印象深刻的和有意义的事情。设空处与形容词meaningful并列,修饰代词something,故推出设空处应为形容词impressive。实战演练.单句改错1.
17、2018全国卷LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.答案here改成there考查副词及语意理解。句意:去年冬天“我”又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。实战演练2.2018全国卷Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.答案happily改成happy考查形容词作表语。句意:他们的生活有了很大提高,“我”感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语,故将happily改成happy。实战演练3.2018全国卷Immediate,Iraisedmyhand
18、.答案Immediate改为Immediately考查副词。根据语境,此处修饰整个句子,使用副词,作状语。实战演练4.2017全国卷ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.答案suddenly改为sudden考查形容词。修饰名词stop,故用形容词sudden。asuddenstop表示“急刹车”。实战演练5.2016全国卷Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.答案worse改为worst实战演练.语法填空Wereofferingfreeticketstogoandsee
19、afilmcalledAYearinGreenland.Thefilm,which1.(tell)youallabouttheplantsandanimalsinthatwonderfulcountry,haswon2.prizeatthenationalfilmfestivalitswellworth3.(see).【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,旨在向我们推荐一部值得一看的电影AYearinGreenland。1.tells考查动词时态。句意:这部电影讲述了这个神奇国家的植物和动物。此句是定语从句,which指代thefilm并在从句中作主语,因此谓语用单数,文章的时态是一般现在时,故填te
20、lls。2.a考查冠词。此处表达“一个奖项”用不定冠词a。3.seeing考查固定搭配。句意:这部电影真值得一看。beworthdoingsth是固定用法,意为“做某事是值得的”。实战演练ThefilmcanonlybeseenatthenewcinemathathasjustbeencompletedinsidetheScienceMuseuminthecitycentre.ItsshowingthisSundaywith4.(perform)everyhourfrommiddayonwards,withthelastshowingat5oclock,twohoursbeforethemus
21、eumcloses.Sotherearesixtimestochoose5.答案4.performances考查名词复数。介词with之后要接名词,根据下文“everyhourfrommiddayonwards,withthelastshowingat5oclock”以及sixtimes可知,这部电影要演出6场,故填名词复数performances。5.from考查介词。句意:从六次中挑选一次。choosefrom是固定用法,意为“从中挑选”。实战演练SowhynottakethewholefamilytothemuseumthisSunday?Childrenwillwanttoheadst
22、raightdowntothebasement6.thecomputersarekept.Ipromiseyoutheyllcomeawaywithallsortsof7.(excite)picturestheyvecreated.答案6.where考查定语从句。句意:孩子们可以直接下到地下室,那里放置着电脑。此句为定语从句,先行词thebasement指地点,并在后面句子中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。7.exciting考查分词化的形容词。修饰名词要用形容词,此处pictures指物,故用exciting表示“令人兴奋的”。实战演练Entrancetothemuseumisfreeo
23、nSundays,butitwould8. (normal) cost $ 3.25 to go and see the film. 9. (get) your free tickets, you should e-mail this programme by midday on Friday. 答案8.normally考查副词。句意:星期天,进入博物馆是免费的,但是通常去看电影要花费3.25美元。修饰后面的动词cost,故用副词normally表示“正常地,通常地”。9.Toget考查动词不定式。句意:为了得到免费的票,你应该在星期五中午前给栏目组发邮件。此处表示目的,故用动词不定式Toge
24、t。实战演练Weveonlygotalimitednumberoftickets,sothe10.(early)youe-mailus,themorelikelyyouaretogetone.答案10.earlier考查形容词的比较级。句意:我们的票数量有限,所以你越早给我们发电子邮件,你就越有可能得到一张票。themorethemore是一个固定句式,意为“越越”。教师备用习题误区之一 形容词与副词的误用【误】Youcaneasymakeupanexcusetoavoidgoingoutwithhim.【正】Youcaneasilymakeupanexcusetoavoidgoingoutw
25、ithhim.分析修饰动词短语makeup应用副词easily。句意:为避免同他一起外出,你可以很容易地编造一个借口。反面解读教师备用习题误区之二词形相似,意义有别的词的误用【误】Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardlytodoit.【正】Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardtodoit.分析根据语境可知,此处表示尽力做某事,故hardly改为hard。句意:我认为这次考试很难,但我还是很努力地去应对。教师备用习题误区之三比较等级的误用【误】Peoplearebecomingricherandthecountryismuc
26、hmorestronger.【正】Peoplearebecomingricherandthecountryismuchstronger.分析stronger已经是比较级,故去掉more。句意:人们变得更加富有,国家变得更加强大。教师备用习题误区之四否定比较的误用【误】MrStevensonisgreattoworkforIreallycouldntaskforagoodboss.【正】MrStevensonisgreattoworkforIreallycouldntaskforabetterboss.分析此处是用比较级的否定形式表达最高级的含义,故good改为better。句意:为史蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
