1、 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 总目录总目录 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 2/494 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论
2、友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 3/494 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的
3、爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Cla
4、ssics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 4/494 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉
5、德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 5/494 第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲
6、座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 6/494 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 INTRODUCTORY NOTE“THE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS”is one of the great story-books of the world.It was introduced to European readers by the French scholar Galland,who discovered the Arabic original and translated it into French
7、 in the first decade of the eighteenth century;but its earlier history is still involved in obscurity.There existed as early as the tenth century of our era a Persian collection of a thousand tales,enclosed in a framework which is practically the one used in the present collection,telling of a King
8、who was in the habit of killing his wives after the first night,and who was led to abandon this practise by the cleverness of the Wezirs daughter,who nightly told him a tale which she left unfinished at dawn,so that his curiosity led him to spare her till the tale should be completed.Whether more th
9、an the framework of the Arabian collection was borrowed from this Persian work is uncertain.The tales in the collection of Galland and in more complete editions discovered since his time are chiefly Persian,Indian,and Arabian in source,and inultimate origin come from all the ends of the earth.No two
10、 manuscripts have precisely the same contents,and some of the most famous of the tales here printed are probably not properly to be regarded as belonging to the collection,but owe their association with the others to their having been included by Galland.Thus“Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”is found
11、in no Oriental version of the“Nights,”and“Ala-ed-Din and the Wonderful Lamp”was long supposed to be in the same situation,though within recent years it has turned up in two manuscripts.Both the place and the date of the original compilation are still matters of dispute among scholars.From such evide
12、nces as the detailed nature of the references to Cairo and the prevailing Mohammedan 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 7/494 background,Lane argued that it must have been put together in Egypt;but this opinion is by no means universally accepted.As to date,estimates vary by several centur
13、ies.Burton,who believed in a strong Persian element,thought that some of the oldest tales,such as that of“Sindibad,”might be as old as the eighth century of our era;some thirteen he dated tenth century,and the latest in the sixteenth.There is a fair amount of agreement on the thirteenth century as t
14、he date of arrangement in the present framework,though they were probably not committed to writing till some two centuries later.Of a collection of fables,fairy-stories,and anecdotes of historical personages such as this,there can,of course,be no question of a single author.Both before and after the
15、y were placed in the mouth of Shahrazad,they were handed down by oral recitation,the usual form of story-telling among the Arabs.As in the case of our own popular ballads,whatever marks of individual authorship any one story may originally have borne,would be obliterated in the course of generations
16、 of tradition by word of mouth.Of the personality of an original editor or compiler,even,we have no trace.Long after writing had to some extent fixed their forms,the oral repetition went on;and some of them could be heard in Mohammedan countries almost down to our own times.In the two hundred years
17、of their currency in the West,the stories of the“Nights”have engrafted themselves upon European culture.They have made the fairy-land of the Oriental imagination and the mode of life of the medieval Arab,his manners and his morals,familiar to young and old;and allusions to their incidents and person
18、ages are wrought into the language and literature of all the modern civilized peoples.Their mark is found upon music and painting as well as on letters and the common speech,as is witnessed by such diverse results of their inspiration as the music of Rimsky-Korsakoff,the illustrations of Parrish,and
19、 the marvelous idealization of their background and atmosphere in Tennysons 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 8/494 “Recollections of the Arabian Nights,”“Barmecide Feast,”“Open Sesame,”“Old Lamps for New,”“Solomons Seal,”“The Old Man of the Sea,”“The Slave of the Lamp,”“The Valley of Dia
20、monds,”“The Rocs Egg,”Haroun al-Raschid and his“Garden of Delight,”these and many more phrases and allusions of every-day occurrence suggest howpervasive has been the influence of this wonder-book of the mysterious East.The translation by E.W.Lane used here has been the standard English version for
21、general reading for eighty years.The translations of“Ali Baba”and“Ala-ed-Din”are by S.Lane-Poole and for permission to use the latter we are indebted to Messrs.G.P.Putnams Sons.INTRODUCTION In the name of God,the Compassionate,the Merciful.PRAISE be to God,the Beneficent King,the Creator of the univ
22、erse,who hath raised the heavens without pillars,and spread out the earth as a bed;and blessing and peace be on the lord of apostles,our lord and our master Mohammad,and his Family;blessing and peace,enduring and constant,unto the day of judgment.To proceed:The lives of former generations are a less
23、on toposterity;that a man may review the remarkable events which have happened to others,and be admonished;and may consider the history of people of preceding ages,and of all that hath befallen them,and be restrained.Extolled be the perfection of Him who hath thus ordained the history of former gene
24、rations to be a lesson to those which follow.Such are the Tales of a Thousand and One Nights,with their romantic stories and their fables.It is related(but God alone is all-knowing,as well as all-wise,and almighty,and all-bountiful),that there was,in ancient times,a King of the countries of India an
25、d China,possessing numerous troops,and guards,and servants,and domestic dependents;and he had two sons;one of whom was a man of mature age;and the other,a youth.Both of these 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 9/494 princes were brave horsemen;but especially the elder,who inherited the kin
26、gdom of his father,and governed his subjects with such justice that the inhabitants of his country and whole empire loved him.He was called King Shahriyar:his younger brother was named Shah-Zeman,注 1and was King of Samarkand.The administration of their governments was conducted with rectitude,each o
27、f them ruling over his subjects with justice during a period of twenty years with the utmost enjoyment and happiness.After this period,the elder King felt a strong desire to see his brother,and ordered his Wezir注 2to repair to him and bring him.Having taken the advice of the Wezir on this subject,he
28、 immediately gave orders to prepare handsome presents,such as horses adorned with gold and costly jewels,and memluks,注 3and beautiful virgins,and expensive stuffs.He then wrote a letter to his brother,expressive of his great desire to see him;and having sealed it,and given it to the Wezir,together w
29、ith the presents above mentioned,he ordered the minister to strain his nerves,andtuck up his skirts,and use all expedition in returning.The Wezir answered,without delay,I hear and obey;and forthwith prepared for the journey:he packed his baggage,removed the burdens,and made ready all his provisions
30、within three days;and on the fourth day,he took leave of the King Shahriyar,and went forth towards the deserts and wastes.He proceeded night and day;and each of the kings under the authority of King Shahriyar by whose residence he passed came forth to meet him,with costly presents,and gifts of gold
31、and silver,and entertained him three days;after which,on the fourth day,he accompanied him one days journey,and took leave of him.Thus he continued on his way until he drew near to the city of Samarkand,when he sent forward a messenger to inform King Shah-Zeman of his approach.The messenger entered
32、the city,inquired the way to the palace,and,introducing himself to the King,kissed the ground before him,and acquainted him with the approach of his brothers Wezir;upon which 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 10/494 Shah-Zeman ordered the chief officers of his court,and the great men of h
33、is kingdom,to go forth a days journey to meet him;and they did so;and when they met him,they welcomed him,and walked by his stirrups until they returned to the city.The Wezir then presented himself before the King Shah-Zeman,greeted him with a prayer for he divine assistance in his favour,kissed the
34、 ground before him,and informed him of his brothers desire to see him;after which he handed to him the letter.The King took it,read it,and understood its contents;and answered by expressing his readiness to obey the commands of his brother.But,said he(addressing the Wezir),I will not go until I have
35、 entertained thee three days.Accordingly,he lodged him in a palace befitting his rank,accommodated his troops in tents,and appointed them all things requisite in the way of food and drink:and so they remained three days.On the fourth day,he equipped himself for the journey,made ready his baggage,and
36、 collected together costly presents suitable to his brothers dignity.These preparations being completed,he sent forth his tents and camels and mules and servants and guards,appointed his Wezir to be governor of the country during his absence,and set out towards his brothers dominions.At midnight,how
37、ever,he remembered that he had left in his palace an article which he should have brought with him;and having returned to the palace to fetch it,he there beheld his wife sleeping in his bed,and attended by a male negro slave,who had fallen asleep by her side.On beholding this scene,the world became
38、black before his eyes;and he said within himself,If this is the case when I have not departed from the city,what will be the conduct of this vile woman while I am sojourning with my brother?He then drew this sword,and slew them both in the bed:after which he immediately returned,gave orders for depa
39、rture,and journeyed to his brothers capital.Shahriyar,rejoicing at the tidings of his approach,went forth to meet 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 11/494 him,saluted him,and welcomed him with the utmost delight.He then ordered that the city should be decorated on the occasion,and sat dow
40、n to entertain his brother with cheerful conversation:but the mind of King Shah-Zeman was distracted by reflections upon the conduct of his wife;excessive grief took possession of him;and his countenance became sallow;and his frame emaciated.His brother observed his altered condition,and,imagining t
41、hat it was occasioned by his absence from his dominions,abstained from troubling him or asking respecting the cause,until after the lapse of some days,when at length he said to him,O my brother,I perceive that thy body is emaciated,and thy countenance is become sallow.He answered,O brother,I have an
42、 internal sore:and he informed him not of the conduct of his wife which he had witnessed.Shahriyar then said,I wish that thou wouldest go out with me on a hunting excursion;perhaps thy mind might so be diverted:but he declined;and Shahriyar went alone to the chase.Now there were some windows in the
43、Kings palace commanding a view of his garden;and while his brother was looking out from one of these,a door of the palace was opened,and there came forth from it twenty females and twenty male black slaves;and the Kings wife,who was distinguished by extraordinary beauty and elegance,accompanied them
44、 to a fountain,where they all disrobed themselves,and sat down together.The Kings wife then called out,O Mesud!and immediately a black slave came to her,and embraced her;she doing the like.So also did the other slaves and the women;and all of them continued revelling together until the close of the
45、day.When Shah-Zeman beheld this spectacle he said within himself,By Allah!my affliction is lighter than this!His vexation and grief were alleviated,and he no longer abstained from sufficient food and drink.When his brother returned from his excursion,and they had saluted each other,and King Shahriya
46、r observed his brother Shah-Zeman,that his 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 16 卷 天方夜谭 12/494 colour had returned,that his face had recovered the flush of health and that he ate with appetite,after his late abstinence,he was surprised,and said,O my brother,when I saw thee last,thy countenance was s
47、allow,and now thy colour hath returned to thee:acquaint me with thy state.As to the change of my natural complexion,answered Shah-Zeman,I will inform thee of its cause;but excuse my explaining to thee the return of my colour.First,said Shahriyar,relate to me the cause of the change of thy proper com
48、plexion,and of thy weakness:let me hear it.Know then,O my brother,he answered,that when thou sentest thy Wezir to me to invite me to thy presence,I prepared myself for the journey,and when I had gone forth from the city,I remembered that I had left behind me the jewel that I had gone forth from the
49、city,I remembered that I had left behind me the jewel that I have given thee;I therefore returned to my palace for it,and there I found my wife sleeping in my bed,and attended by a black male slave;and I killed them both,and came to thee:but my mind was occupied by reflections upon this affair,and t
50、his was the cause of the change of my complexion,and of my weakness:now,as to the return of my colour,excuse my informing thee of its cause.But when his brother heard these words,he said,I conjure thee by Allah that thou acquaint me with the cause of the return of thy colour:so he repeated to him al
