1、专题01 必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance目录 新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络 基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备 重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力 小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用一、 核心单词讲解1.harm n.& vt. 伤害,损害(1)harm sb./sth.=do harm to sb./sth.=do sb./sth.harm对某人/物造成损害,损害某人/物(2)harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的be harmful to.对有害(3)harmless adj.无害的2.length n. 长,长度; 时间的长短,篇幅,
2、(电影)片长(1) in length在长度上 at length详尽地;充分地;最后;终于go to great lengths (to do sth.)尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事)for any length of time相当长的一段时间within an arms length近在咫尺(2) lengthen v.使延长(3)long adj.长的3.variety n.不同种类,变化,多样性;变种,变体（1）a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的(2) vary v. 相异，改变Vary in 在方面不同Vary with 随而变化Vary betwee
3、n and 从到不同（3）various / varied adj. 各种不同的，各种各样的4.mass n. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群;adj.大批的,广泛的(1) a mass of/masses of大量,许多the mass of .中的大多数the masses 群众(2)mass production批量生产5.living adj. 活着的,活的;在使用的(反义词dead) n.生计,谋生;生活方式earn/make a living谋生;维持生计earn/make ones own living自食其力6.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难(1)surviv
4、e on.以为生survive from.从时期留存下来survive sb.by+时间段比某人多活了多长时间(2)survivaln.生存,幸存;幸存事物(3)survivorn.幸存者7.in turn相应地,转而;依次;轮流in return作为报答;回报in return for.作为的交换;作为的报答by turns轮流地;交替地Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事8.break down使分解(为),使变化(成);出故障;破裂;感情失控break into闯入,破门而入break in破门而入;打断(谈话等)break out(战争、火灾等)爆发;发生br
5、eak away from脱离;逃离9.due to由于,因为be due to do sth.预计/预期做某事be due for.预计10.impact n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞vi.&vt.有影响;冲击have a great/deep impact on对有重大/深远影响the impact of.的影响impact on/upon对产生影响11.damage vt.&n.损坏,破坏;损害,伤害 (1)do/cause damage to 对造成损害(2)damagingadj.有破坏性的;伤害的1.build up逐渐增加,扩大;创建,开发;积累bring up抚养;养育;培养;提
6、出;呕吐come up升起;长出来;上来;被提出give up放弃;戒掉make up编造;化妆take up占据;开始从事e up with想出,想到keep up with与同步，跟上(强调状态)catch up with 跟上(强调动作)put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过end up with 以结束 13.call for(公开)要求;需要call up 打电话，给，使想起call in 召来call off 取消，停止进行call away 叫走；转移；排解call on 拜访（某人）， 号召call out 大声喊，呼唤）14.application n.应用,运用;申请 (
7、1)make an application (to.) for.(向)申请(2)apply v.运用;申请;应用apply to do sth.申请做某事apply.to.将用在上apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply oneself to致力于;专心于(3)applicant n.申请人15.spring to mind 突然想到,突然出现在脑海里bear/keep.in mind记住;考虑到lose ones mind失去理智bring.to mind使想起come to mind突然想起make up ones mind打定主意;下定决心16.get
8、rid of摆脱;丢弃;扔掉rid.of .使摆脱;使丢弃rid oneself of摆脱/去掉17.protest vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称;申辩 n.反对,抗议(1)protest about/against/at.=make a protest against.对提出抗议(2)without protest心甘情愿地under protest不情愿地,极不乐意地18.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 (1)in defence of为了保卫;为辩护(2)defendvt.防御,保护;为辩护;防守defend. against/from防御/保卫免受1
9、9.consequence n.结果;后果;重要性(1)as a consequence/result in consequence因此，结果 as a consequence/result of in consequence of因为的缘故(2)take/accept/face the consequences of承担的后果(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以因此,结果20.give rise to引起;使发生(尤指令人不愉快或意想不到的事)on the rise 在增加;在上涨rise to ones feet
10、 站起来二、重点词块速记1.in turn相应地,转而2.break down使分解(为),使变化(成)3.breathe life into给带来起色,注入活力4.due to由于,因为5.build up逐渐增加,扩大6.be home to 的家园7.a wide range of大范围的,多种多样的8.a sea of.大量的,大片的9.be alive with充满着,洋溢着10.play a role in 在中扮演角色,起作用11.take in吸收,理解12.feed on以为主食,靠为生e up with想出，想到14.call for (公开)要求；需要15.spring
11、to mind 突然记起(或想到)16.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉17.tend to 往往,趋向18.give rise to使发生(或存在) 19.hand in hand手拉手20.search for搜索,寻找21.play a major role in在起主要作用22.draw ones attention吸引某人的注意力23.connect.with.把和联系24.be eager to do sth.渴望做某事25.point out 指出三、重点句型剖析1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, th
12、e Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。2.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.(独立主格结构)马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。3.Ab
13、ove that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装)往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。4.What do you think this script is about judging from the title and pictures?(judging from)根据标题和图画,你认为这个节选讲了什么?5.For one thing, the rainy season has an impact on the soil.For another thing, due to the Amazons hot clim
14、ate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.(for one thing, for another thing)一则,雨季对土壤有影响再则,由于亚马孙的炎热气候,对于土壤来说很难堆积更多的养分。6.When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear.(省略)当我刚搬到这里的时候,空气是新鲜的,草是绿色的,水是清澈的。7.Weve been taking various measures, including
15、 the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.(even though)我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。8.With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways t
16、o fight the problem.(with复合结构)随着污染水平的上升,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决问题的方法。9.Its our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. (Its ones duty to do sth.)我们的责任是保护环境,同时着眼于经济发展。、重点句型1.倍数关系句型【教材原句】With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half
17、 the size of China.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。倍数+【名师点津】表示“两倍”时,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数,half等其他程度状语。2.全部倒装【教材原句】Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。构成完全倒装的条件(1)表示地点或方位的副词有here,there,up,down,out,in,away;表示时间的副词有now,then;表语以及
18、表示地点的介词短语位于句首。(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come,go,lie,stand等不及物动词。(3)句子的主语是名词。如果句子的主语为代词,主谓不倒装。3. judging from.“从判断”【教材原句】What do you think this script is about judging from the title and pictures?从标题和图画判断你认为这个节选是关于什么的?常见的现在分词(短语)作评注性状语的还有:supposing“假设”,considering“鉴于”,speaking of“说到”,generally speaking “一般来说”
19、,taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”等。重点语法 (省略)为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(You) go out, please!请出去!2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。Do you know the mascots of the Beijing Winter Ol
20、ympic Games?Of course I know ( the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games).你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?我当然知道。3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(There is) No smoking.禁止吸烟。二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。He is interested in leaves and
21、(he) has collected many samples of them. 他对树叶感兴趣,搜集了很多标本。2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。My father is a teacher and my mother (is) a nurse.我的父亲是一名老师,母亲是一名护士。3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。What he suggsted made me happy, but (what he suggested made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续
22、部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。I know the length of the river but he doesnt know the length of the river). 我知道这条河流的长度,但他不知道。三、复合句中的省略1.状语从句的省略。在when,while,if,as if,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。While (I was)working, I realised
23、how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.工作的时候,我意识到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么辛苦。【名师点津】(1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。2.定语从句的省略。(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 (2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。The way
24、in which/ that he speaks to you is really annoying.他对你们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。3.宾语从句的省略。及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。四、其他的省略情况1.动词不定式的省略。(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。Will you go with me to participate in the party tonight?Ill b
25、e glad to (go with you to participate in the party).今晚你愿意和我去参加聚会吗?我愿意。(2)某些使役动词,如make,let,have等和感官动词,如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。The boy was noticed to enter the office.男孩被(人)注意到进入了办公室。(3)当
26、不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,would like等。I would do it for you,but I dont know how to (do it for you).我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知怎么去做。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语时,常可省略。常见的动词有tell, ask, allow, permit, expect, wish, want, order, require,encourage,
27、persuade等。Dont touch the equipment unless your teacher allows you to (touch the equipment).除非老师允许,否则不要碰这些设备。(5)介词but,except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。We have nothing to do but (to) wait.我们现在除了等别无选择。【名师点津】省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形的have或be。He didnt come to the meeting yesterday, but
28、 he ought to have.昨天他没来参加会议,但他应该来。2.使用so,not等时的省略。在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。3.介词的省略。一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构:have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.spend some time (in) doing sth.stop/prev
29、ent sb.(from) doing sth.考点一、核心单词语法填空单词拼写1.Half a million people held a mass (抗议) against racism last night.2.In the (过程) of writing the novel, she discussed every stage with him.3.Some products can be (回收利用) at the end of their life.4.Keeping animals at zoos has had a little positive (影响) on the sta
30、tus of most endangered species.5.We need to speak out on their behalf before they (消失) for good.6.The structural (损坏) caused by the fire was repaired.7.I felt as if I had been on this trip forever because I had lost (踪迹) of time and space.8.Our (政策)is to include high-quality films, regardless of who
31、 makes them.9.An (官方的) inquiry has been launched into the cause of the accident.10.No one wants to employ someone who speaks ill of his/her (以前的) employer.单句语法填空1. Fruit juices can be (harm) to childrens teeth.2. Uniforms also give rise some practical problems. 3. The snake usually reaches a (long)
32、of 100cm.4. We must preserve (vary) of Chinese traditional customs for future generations.5. He died six weeks later of a (mass) heart attack.6. (live) in the village was also more challenging than he had thought.8.(2023-2024年度四川成都高一成都外国语学校校考阶段练习)After the terrible accident, his only chance of (surv
33、ive) was a heart transplant. 9. The sports meeting had to be put off due the heavy rain.10. What the teachers have done has great impact on their students in the future.12. After he recovered from illness, he worked out regularly to build up his (strong).13 The moral question is not (entire) separab
34、le from the financial one. 14. Two rescue workers came to his (defend) when the accident happened. 15. With the rapid (economy) development, China plays a more and more important role on the international stage.16.(2023-2024年度广东东莞高一校联考期中)Its (official) recognized that this product is safe and will b
35、e put into market soon. 17. After eating the (poison) mushroom, the girl was sent to hospital at once. (所给词的适当形式填空)18. (chemical) will upset the natural balance of the pond. (所给词的适当形式填空)19. (consequence), many college graduates were forced to move elsewhere to find jobs.20. His death was totally une
36、xpected and, in (consequent), no plans had been made for his replacement. 考点二、重点词块选词填空选词填空（可适当改变形式） call for give rise to get rid of in turn build up come up with break down spring to mind breathe into due to 1.If your car , just sit tight and wait for the police to come along.2.A clean environment
37、can help the city bid for the Olympics, which will promote its economic development.3.This kind of work patience as well as skills.4.What he said just now his anger at the moment.5.As a teacher, you should devote yourself to your subject and _it.6._ the fact that he didnt know English, he wasnt awar
38、e of what he was reading.7.If you refer to Hawaii, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may_.8.You can change or turn a blind eye to your emotions, but you cant _ them entirely.9.The old collector likes to collect some old paintings and his house is said to _ a fine art collection.10.The designe
39、r says he _ the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.考点三 重点句型 完成句子1._ some towering aspens.(完全倒装)在我们教学楼前矗立着几棵高大的白杨。2.Our playground is_ theirs.(倍数表达法)我们的操场是他们的两倍大。3._, he might be an Indian.(judge)根据面貌判断,他可能是个印度人。4._, his theory proved to be correct.(with复合结构)随着时间的推移,他的理论证明是正确的。5.
40、_ our country.(Its ones duty to do sth.)保卫国家是每个人的责任。6._, the bond of friendship has kept us close.(even though)虽然我们生活在不同的城市,但友谊的纽带使我们保持亲密。考点四 重点语法 单句语法填空1When (compare) with my elder sister, I look much slimmer. 2Even though (bury) in his work, he wouldnt miss the opportunity to chat with his son. 3
41、When (tell) that their performance was a success, the performers felt (satisfy). 4Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad. 5The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not . 能力提升一、 阅读理解（2024上广西柳州
42、高一柳铁一中校考期中）In Wiltshire, England, volunteers are being searched for to visit a nature protection area to count the butterflies living there and in nearby fields. The project is started by an environmental protection organization, which has been devoted to improving the living environment for wild an
43、imals. Recently, the organization has called on volunteers to help it observe environmental changes based on the record of butterflies and protect the environment. In the area, the local people have planted many special flowers with the help of the organization. They want to see whether these flower
44、s will interest the rare, and beautiful butterflies. The project officer Sarah Marshall says, “It will be a suitable living place for butterflies. They are great indicator species (指向性物种) as they are easily affected by climate changes. So they make a brilliant early-warning system for the environment.”She also points out that volunteers are needed to record the number or species of butterflies, and based on the change happening to the butterflies, the hidden environmental problems in the area can be
