1、 certain . 2. Whether he will go there is not known . 3. What he said is not true . 4. Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5. Whoever comes is welcome. 请思考？ 16 注意点 1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后. 例: 误: When will he come is not known. 2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. 例: 误: He will not come to the meeti
2、ng this evening is true. 正: When he will come is not known. 正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 除了 后的从 17 3).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主 语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能. Whoever breaks the school rules must be punished. 试比较：Whoever breaks the schools rules,
3、he must be punished. No matter who breaks the school rules, he must be punished. 让步状语从句 主从句 18 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. Whatever What Who WhoeverAnyone who 19 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。 _ is a pi
4、ty . 2.他来不来不重要。 _doesnt matter. It doesnt matter whether That he made such a mistake It is a pity that 考点 ：it作形式主语(主从) , 形式宾语（宾从） it 作形式主语 Whether he will come or not 20 It is reported/ thought/said/predicted that It is clear/necessary/certain that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter
5、 whether It seems/appears that It happens that Can you understand them? 21 1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _
6、 he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. What That that what what what that what 22 1)（2008浙江) _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A). anyone B). the one C). whoever D). who 2) _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A).what B). that C). the fact
7、 D). the matter 3)（2006浙江） _is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy. A). As B). That C). this D). It 挑战高考 23 1. I wondered _ you were so angry. 2. It all depends on _ they will support us . 3. I cant imagine _made him act like that. 4 . Im delig
8、hted _I have passed the exam. 5. I find it necessary _ we should do the homework. 用适当的连接词填空 why whether what that that 请思考？ 24 二.宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相 同. 2.注意点 1) 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序. 2) 引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略. 3) whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1) 当whether后紧跟or not时, 不用if 例: I dont know _
9、I will stay or not. (2) 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if 例: I worry about _ I hurt her feeling. whether whether 25 4) that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句 (真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语 从句中, that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he wo
10、uld come on time. 26 (2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make +it + if 或when从句 5）it 作形式宾语 (1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do I hate it when people laugh at the disabled . 27 1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie. 2. I like _ in the autumn wh
11、en the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one 3. 他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _. it it difficult to make himself understood it 28 1)（2005山东，26)The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A). where B). How C). what D). which 2) (2006全国I，16) -what did your pa
12、rents think about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should. A). when B). that C). how D). what 挑战高考 29 Translation 问题是我们是否可以信任他。 我建议买台大电脑。 她看起来要哭了。 The question is My suggestion is He looked whether we can rely on him. as if he was going to cry. that we( should)buy a big computer. 请思考
13、？ 30 2.注意点 1) 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序. 2) 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略. 3) 表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导. 4) 不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型. 例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the
14、road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road. 31 1. (2009江西，33）The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A). what B
15、). which C). though D). that 2. (2009辽宁，29）Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A). that B). what C).as D). which 真题荟萃 32 同位语从句 1）The fact that he was killed made us surprised. 2）I have no idea when he will be back. 3）We heard the news that our team had won. 4）Can you find t
16、he answer to the question what was wrong with the computer? 5）He made a suggestion that we (should) read some original English literature works. 33 1.同位语从句的引导词: that ,whether, how , when, where, why等引导。 that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion; proof, message, orde
17、r, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word 等. 2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分, 则是定语从句, 如果that不 作从句中的任何成分, 则是同位语从句. 例: (1) I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表 结构, that 不作从句中的成分, 同位语从句) (2) I still remember the place that we visited last year. (主谓宾结构, that作从句中的宾 语,定语从句) 34 同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从
18、句之间加be,使之构成一个 新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语 从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从 句连接起来的。 eg: The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat. 35 1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many. 判断：定语从句(AT) , 同位语从句(AP) 2.The news t
19、hat is spreading around the airport is coming. 3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 5. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. AP AT AP AT AP 36 注意问题注意问题: :语序语序 1. The photographs wil
20、l show you _（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 从句一定用陈述语序 37 1.(09四川8 ). News came from the school office _ Xiao Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where 2.(09天
21、津9 ). It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 3.(06上海)One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when 高考链接 同位语从句 主语从句 表语从句 38 4.(上海01年春季）What the doctors really
22、doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C whether D. why 5.(2006江苏) We havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad A if B where C whether D that 6.(96 NMET ) _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That
23、D. Where 表语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 39 7.(2000NMET) _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. that; what B. what; why C. what; because D. why; that 8.(09湖南) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. A.whichever B.however C what
24、ever D.whoever 9.(09海南) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 主语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 40 10.(96 NMET) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that D. that; what 11.(07 全国卷II) _ matters most in learning Englis
25、h is enough practice. A. what B. why C. where D. which 12.(08天津卷） The last time we had great fun was _we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 主语从句 主语从句 表语从句 41 考点考点 42 名词性从句在句中要用_语序,从句 的引导词必须始终置于_ 考点考点1 1语序问题语序问题 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A.what will man look
26、 like B. what man will look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 陈述总结归 纳： 2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首 43 考点考点2 2 时态问题时态问题 2. Our phy
27、sics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound. travels 总结归 纳： 3)主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态 1. He said that he will go to the station. . 3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1）主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态 2）主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等 ，从
28、句谓 语动词用一般现在时 went has been would 44 考点考点3 3 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题 何时开会还没有决定。 When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet . 他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。 When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown. 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用 _形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语 从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由 两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语 动
29、词用_形式。 总结归 纳： 单数 复数 has When they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown. 何时何地开会还没有决定。 When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet . have has 单数 45 基本句型：It is +形容词、名词、过去分词+ that . + (should) do a. It is important (necessary, natural, strange, advisable etc)+tha
30、t b. It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc)+that c. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted etc)+that 1. It is ordered that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had to
31、ld D. has told 考点考点4 4虚拟语气虚拟语气 a)a)主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气 总结 归纳 ： 46 We suggested that the meeting _ A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off 总结 归纳 ： 表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise 、propose、demand、require、insist request、 command、order后的从句谓语动词用 _ 注意suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示 “坚持认为
32、”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态 (should) + do/be done The smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.was 考点考点4 4虚拟语气虚拟语气 b)b)宾语从句中的虚拟1 名词 名词的定义:表示人、事物、时间、地点或 抽象概念名称的词叫名词。 名词的分类 专有名词: China, Professor Li, Sunday 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词: book 集体名词: people 物质名词: wheat 抽象名词: health2 名词的数 可数名词复
33、数的构成（规则变化）： 1. 一般在词尾加-s: books, cats, dogs, beds 2.以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的在词尾加-es: glasses, boxes, watches, brushes 3.以f, fe 结尾的词, 改f, fe 为v, 再加-es: 如 knife ,thief；itself, shelf , leaf ,half, wolf , wife , life , loaf. 为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片 树叶 站在架子上把狼劈成两半。 (tomatoes, potatoes) 3 4. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的, 改 y为 i
34、, 再加- es: story-stories, city-cities, family- families, baby-babies 注：以元音字母(a, e, I, o, u)+ y 结尾的名词变 复数时，直接加-s: play-plays way-ways valley-valleys 山谷 donkey-donkeys key keys toy- toys boy- boys guy- guys 注：以下以f或fe结尾的，直接加 roof-roofs gulf-gulfs 湾 chief-chiefs belief- beliefs proof-proofs safe-safes 保险
35、箱 cliff- -cliffs reef reefs 暗礁 brief briefs 纲要 注：handkerchief -handkerchiefs handkerchieves staffstaffs职员-stafves棒杖 4 (5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的，多数+es hero negro黑人 tomato potato echo 回声;回响CU buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛 注：以元音字母+O结尾的，以及某些以O结尾的外 来词，变成复数只加S bamboo , zoo， radio ，kangaroo袋鼠 studio工作 室， 例外:Piano, kilo，photo ， to
36、bacco (6)有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero zeros 、zeroes, volcano cargo (船、飞机、车辆装载的)货物CU mosquito 蚊子C penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（ 便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。 5 不规则变化的可数名词复数 ： 1. 英法男女和警察，末尾原因 a 变 e； Englishman-Englishmen, Fremchman-Frenchmen man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen 2. 牙脚 oo 变 ee；tooth-teeth, foot-feet
37、3. 小孩末加-ren；child-children 4. 中日绵羊鹿不变。Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer 注：有些名词虽以 s 结尾，但当单数看待：physics, maths, news. 有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当复 数看待：people, police, public. e.g. No news is good news. e.g. Chinese people are hard-working people. 6 复合名词的复数形式 主体词的复合名词将主体词变为复数 looker-on- lookers-on 旁观者 passer-by- p
38、assers-by 过路人 daughter-in-law -daughters-in-law 媳妇 father-in-law- fathers-in-law 岳父 没有主体词的，在词尾加S grown-up-grown-ups 成年人 good-for-nothing-good-for-nothings 饭桶没 用的人 go-between(s) 中间人 drawback(s) 缺陷 由man和woman构成的复合名词，两部分都要变复数。 man teacher-men teachers Woman doctor-women doctors7 不可数名词: 1.用来表示不同类别时,可用复数: teas 各种茶 fruits 各种水果 fishes 各种鱼 waters 各种水域或矿泉水 2.表示不可数名词的数量,要在它的前面加表示数量的 短语: 一瓶牛奶a bottle of milk 一杯茶a cup of tea 四袋米four bags of rice 两张纸two pieces of paper 8 注1:有些单词既是可数名词又是不可数名词 ，但是所含 意义不同（u代表不可数 名词，c代表可数名词） adventureu 冒险experienceu 经验 c 经历c 奇遇 beautyu 美丽expressionu 表达 c 美人c 表情词语 co
