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信息系统项目管理师考试辅导教程(第3版)第2章软件工.doc

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1、hansiouofHobken,NewJersy,nom iatedLawrenceetr“Yogi“Bera,basebalplayerfortheNewYorkYankes(1946-3).“MrBerahrdlyqualifesasnitelctual:heisfam ousforsuchrem arksasoudontloksohtyourself(inresponsetoacom m entthathelokedcolinhisum m ersuit),What?Youm eanrightnow?(henaskedforthetim eofday),andItakeatwo-hurn

2、ap,from oneocloktofur.Onsecondglance,howevr,hisuterancesdepictacertainhonestZen-like(类似禅宗)wisdom :Ifyoudontknoheryouregoing,youlwindupsom ewherels?Itwashardtohaveaconversationwithanyone-therwersom anypeopletalking.Thosequaliteshaveinspiredam iniaturepoularcult(崇拜)ofboksandsem inars.Notbadforahum ble

3、basebalplayerofm desteducation.“MrPapthansioutakesfirstprize.21.DenisPapthasiouscom m entsugest.ALawrenceBeraisnodubtaconfusedcharcter.BItishardtohaveaconversationwithLawrenceBera.CItiswrongtounderstim ateapersonfm odesteducation.DThebasebalplayerisphilosphicalboutlife.2.WhatisNOTtrueofRonaldReagn?A

4、Hewastradeunioleaderbeforeasum ingthegovernorshipofCalifornia.Bethreatnedtobm theSovietUniontheadviseofanstrolger.CHeprojectdanim ageoftughuywhenhewastheU.S.president.Dism em orycouldonlyberliedonitim esofcris.23.TheposiblerasontodroptheU.S.presidentsfrom thecontestisthat.Ahem agzinedeliberatelydisr

5、egardepoularityinthecontestBm ostoftheradersendorsedDenisPapthansiouschoiceCTheditorsdecidethatheywernotstrongcontedersDhepuroseofthecontestastoutwitheraders24.RichardSpencerscom m entim pliesthathePalestinialeader.Ashouldhavedclaredtheform ationofaalestiniastaeBfailedtoidentifyahistoricaloportunity

6、whenitaroseCfailedtoliveuptohisim ageasstrongleaderDshouldhavebenflexibleinhisaproachtodealingwithteIsraelis25.Theword“hum ble“(Line9,Par.4)denotes.Aself-im portanceinbearingBm odestyinbehaviorCafreofcarecharcterDeasy-goingesinm anersText2Theaginprocesm aynotbethersultofarigdgenticprogram thatinitse

7、lfdictaeslongevity.Onthecontray,whatweseasm xim um lifespanm aysim plybethecom plexandindirectresultofm ultipletraitsintheorganism thatreinternalytiedtonrm aldevlopm ent.Inotherwords,itisnothathebodyisom ehowpre-program m edtoacquiregrayhair,wrinkles,ordim nishedm etabolic(新陈代谢的)functions.Rather,the

8、ssignsofaginaresim plyteltalesideefctsofactivtiesoftheorganism .Considertheanlogyofan“agincar“.Suposeadistinctive“specis“ofautom bilewerdesignedtoburnfuelatfixedtem praturewithaneficentrateofcom bustion(燃烧).Thatspecifcrateofcom bustionisrequiredforapropriateacelration,cruisngsped,fuelm ileage(油耗),an

9、dson.But,whenthecarfunctionsinthiswayoveraperiodftim e,thecaralso,fnecsity,producescertainem isionby-productsthat,overtim e,begintoclogthecylinders,reduceautom tiveeficency,andleadtothebreakdownandfinalcolapseofthem achine.Inthecaseofthehum an“car“,itcouldbetheburnigoxygeninorm alm etabolismgenrates

10、harm fulby-productsinfreradicalsthatprovetoxictotheorganism .Whatweseherm aybeabsictrade-of:oxygenisesntialforlifeytharm fultourevntualwel-being.Inthisview,thehum an“car“isnotintetionalydesignedtoacum latetoxicem isionsinordertocolapse.Buthersem stobenowayforthecartofunctionatoptim um levlswithouthe

11、destructiveby-products.Butsuposewecouldfindsom especial“fueladitve“thatelim natestoxicem isions.Wouldwethenhavean“im m ortal“car?Probalynot.Changithefuelusedinyourcarwontprevntacidents,norwouldanyfueladitveprevntrustingorthewearingdownofspringsandshockabsorbers.Theum an“car“anlogy,ofcourse,ism ilead

12、ing,becauseanorganism ,unlikeam nufacturedobject,hascapcityforepairandself-genration,atleastuptocertainpoint.Thewholequestionaboutwhywegrowoldisfindigoutwhythatcapcityforself-repairultim atelysem sunabletokepuithtedam gerate:inshort,hyaginandeathsem tobeuniversal.26.From thepasge,welarnthat.Atheagin

13、procesbecom esquickeraspeoplelivelongerBoneslifespanhasnothingtodwithisgenticonstiutionCaginm aynotbecausedbythebodysgenticprogramDnorm aldevlopm entdictaesthem axim um ageofaperson27.Thexam pleofthe“agincar“isusedtom akethepointhat.Aaginisactualyaby-productofthelifeprocesBanycarm ybreakdownorcolaps

14、eovertim eCnocarcanfunctionatoptim um levlsduetoinferiorfuelDeficentrateofcom bustionism ostim portanttothecar28.A“basictrade-of“(Line3,Par.3)isaproces.bywhicoldcarsaretradeofornewonesBbyhicanyorganism depndsonthersforxygenCthroughwhicanorganism getsridofharm fulsubstancesDinwhicanyusecarieswithitan

15、iherntsidefect29.Whicofthefolwingstaem ntsistrueacordingtothepasge?AAginwouldnevrtakeplaceifwedvelopedaspecialfueladitve.BWeouldliveforevrifwedvelopedam gicm edicneforlngevity.CLongevityisdetrm inedbydiverskindsofactors.DNothingcanbedonetoprolngalifewhenitcom estoitsnaturalend.30.The“hum ancar“anlog

16、yisfaultyintheaythat.Aunlikeaperson,acrdoesnothavealifespanBahum anbeinghasself-repairngcapcityCnocanisexpectdtolastlongerthanlifeDacrcanotberstoredtoitsorignalstaeoncedam gedText3Them ostefctiveatcksaginstglobalizationareusalynothoserlatedtoeconm ics.Instead,theyaresocial,ethicaland,aboveal,cultral

17、.Thesargum entssurfacedam idtheprotestinSeatlein19andm orerecntlyinDavos,BangkoandPrague.Theysaythis:thedisapearnceofnationalbordersandthestablishm entofaworldinterconectdbym arketswildealdeathblowtoregionalndnationalcultres,andtothetraditons,custom s,m ythsandm oresthatdetrm ineeachcountrysoregions

18、cultralidentiy.Sincem ostoftheworldisincapbleofresitingtheinvasionofcultralproductsfrom devlopedcountriesthatinevitablytrailsthegreatransationalcorprations,NorthAm ericancultrewilultim atelyim poseitself,standarizngtheworldandanihilatingitsrichnesofdiverscultres.Inthism aner,alotherpeoples,andotjust

19、hesm alandweakones,willosetheiridentiy,theirsoul,andwilbecom enom rethan21st-centurycolniesm odeldafterthecultralnorm sofanewim perialism that,inaditontorulingovertheplanetwithitscapital,m iltarym ightandscientifcknowledge,wilim poseonthersitslanguageanditswaysofthinkig,beliving,enjoyingandream ing.

20、EventhoughIbelivethiscultralrgum entaginstglobalizationisunaceptable,weshouldrecognizethatdepwithinitliesanuquestionabletruth.Thiscentury,theworldinhicweillivewilbelspicturesqueandfiledwithleslocalcolrthantheoneelftbehind.Thefstivals,atire(穿着),custom s,cerm onies,ritesandbelifsthatinthepastgavehum a

21、nityitscultralyandracilyvarietyareprogresivelydisapearingorconfiingthem slvestom inoritysectors,whilethebulkofsocietyabndonsthem andaoptsothersm oresuitedtotheralityofourtim e.Alcountriesofthearthexperincethisproces,som em orequicklythanothers,butitisnotduetoglobalization.Rather,itisduetom dernizati

22、on,ofwhictheform eisefct,notcause.Itisposibletolam ent,certainly,thathisprocesocurs,andtofelnostalgia(恋旧)forthepastwaysoflifethat,particularlyfrom ourcom frtablevantgepointofthepresnt,sem fulofam usem nt, orignalityandcolr.Buthisprocesisunavoidable.Intheory,perhaps,acountrycouldkepthisidentiy,butonl

23、yif-likecrtainrem otetribesinAfricaortheAm azon-itdecidestoliveintotalisolation,cutingofalexchangewithothernationsandpractingself瞫uficency.Acultralidentiypresrvedinthisform ouldtakethatsocietyblacktoprehistoricstandarsofliving.Itistruethatm odernizationm akesm anyform softraditonalifedisapear.Butath

24、esam etim e,itopensoportunitesandconstiutesanim portantstepforwardforasocietyaswhole.Thatiswhy,whengiventheoptiontochosefrely,peoples,om etim scountertohatheirleadersorintelctualtraditonalistwouldlike,optform odernizationwithouttheslightestam biguity.31.Whicofthefolwingistheargum entaginstglobalizat

25、ion?ATheworldilbecom eaglobalizedconm icentiy.BCultralidentiesinsom ecountrieswilbecom prm ised.CTransationalcorprationswiltakeadvantgeoftheporcountries.DPorcountrieswilbedom inatedbythepowerfulones.32.Acordingtotheauthor,.globalizationwilenrichultraldiversityBcountrieshouldstrivetoresrvetheirunique

26、custom sandpractiesCm odernizationwilsucedinsom ecountriesbutnotinothersDtheworldilbecultralylesdiversifedbecauseofglobalization3.Theauthorouldagrewithwhicofthefolwingstaem nts?AAcountryshouldtrytoretainitscultralidentiyinitsm odernizationdrive.BCultralidentiym aworkaginstheaspirationform dernizatio

27、n.CPeopleshouldunderstandhatm ycontributetom dernization.DItsim posibleforacountrytom dernizeandkepitscultralidentiyintact.34.Theauthorm ainpuroseisto.AdiscusglobalizationadcultralidentiyBrefutethecultralrgum entaginstglobalizationCexplainwhym odernizationisinevitableDdiscustheconsequencesofglobaliz

28、ation35.Theauthorm entionstherm otetribesinAfricandtheAm azontoilustrate.AthersitancethatpeopleputpaginstglobalizationBthem arginalizationbroughtforthbyglobalizationCtheim portanceofself-relianceandself-suficencyDtheinsurm ontabledificultyofretainigcultralidentiyText4Whatoursocietysufersfrom m ostto

29、dayistheabsenceofconsesuaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughtobe.Suchconsesucanotbegainedfrom societyspresntstage,orfrom fantsiesaboutwhatitoughtobe,forthathepresntistocloseandtodiversifed,andthefutretouncertain,tom akebelivableclaim saboutit.Aconsesuinthepresnthenceanbeachievdonlythroughasharedunderstandigof

30、thepast,asHom ersepics(史诗)inform edthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitm eantobeGrek,andbywhatim agesandiealstheywertolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocietis.Mostocietisderiveconsesufrom alonghistory,alnguagealtheirown,acom m nreligon,com m nancestry.Them ythsbywhictheylivearebasedonalofthes.ButheUnited

31、Staesisacountryofim m grants, com ingfrom agreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbenem phasizedthatnasocial(反社会的),narcisitic(自恋)personalityhasbecom echarcteristicofAm ericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatprevntsusfrom achievingconsesuthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhistu

32、dyofnarcisim ,ChristopherLaschsaysthatm odernm an,“torturedbyself-consciousnes,turnstonewtherapiesnotofrehim selfofhispersonalworiesbutofindm eanigandpuroseinlife,tofindsom ethingtolivefor“.Theriswidespreadistresbecausenationalm oralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisonadpurose.Con

33、traytorigdreligonsorpolitcalbelifs,asrefoundintotalitarin(极权主义的)societis,ourcultreisoneofgreatindivdualdifernces,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evnchaos.Am ericansbeliveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursiasocietybasedonidivdualdiversity,itnedsconsesuaboutsom edom inatingi

34、deasm orethansocietisbasedonuiform orignoftheircitzens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsesu,itm ustbebasedonam yth-avison-aboutacom m nexperince,aconquestthatm adeusAm ericans,asthem ythaboutheconquestofTroyform edtheGreks.Onlyacom m nm ythcanoferelifrom thefarthatlifeiswithoutm eanigorpurose.Mythsperm itusto

35、exam ineourplaceintheworldbycom paringitoasharediea.Mythsaresharedfantsiesthatform thetiethatbindstheindivdualtotherm m bersofhisgroup.Suchm ythshelptofightoffelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpuroselsnes-inshort,theycom batisolationadthebreakdownofsocialstandarsandvalues.36.Intheauthorsview,thegre

36、atstroublewithteUSsocietyliesinthe.Alackofseriousdisagrem ntovertheorganizationsofsocialifeBno-existenceofunaim tyontheform sthesocietyshouldtakeCgenraldenyigofitsconfrm itywithwhatitwasunexpectdtobeDpublicnegationftheconsesuonhotocnductsocialreform s37.Hom ersepicsm entionedintedtoexm plifythefacth

37、at.Athepresntisvaryingtofastobecaug5;I议经各方协商无法达成一致的,应向深圳仲裁委员会提起仲裁。 第12条 其它约定 _ _ _ 第13条 附则 131 本合同经甲方、乙方签字,并由丙方有权签字人签字并加盖公章后生效。 132 本合同一式伍份,甲乙方各执壹份,丙方执叁份,均具有同等法律效力。 专业 稳健 服务 5 (以下无正文) 甲方(签名): 乙方(签名): 日期:_年_月_日 日期:_年_月_日 丙 方(盖章): 纵横担保(深圳)有限公司 有权签字人(签名): 日期:_年_月_日 (谀蚑态匀堀蠥态蚰态谀蚑态讀缁缀墼怀瀀螏頀h椀匃會漃漃漃霃霃霃霃霃霃霃霃霃

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