1、句子成分 1 概念：组成句子的各个部分， 即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语， 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 2 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或 短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。 3 主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.
2、（动名词） 4 讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box. 5 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这
3、时前面用it作形式主语。 如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 6 To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 形式主语 真正主语 It =that the elephant
4、is round and tall like a tree 7 The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词 8 1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health. V.不能做主语！ 9 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介不能作主 There is an old man coming here. There is an a
5、pple on the table. An apple is there on the table. 10 The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 11 找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs
6、a lot of time. 主语小测 12 单选： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They 13 谓语：说明主
7、语是什么，做什么或怎么样。 由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须 保持一致。 谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。 14 He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 15 谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示 主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组 担任，放在主语的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running ever
8、y morning. 16 The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night? 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 17 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great! 复合谓语：1.情态动词助动词+v 2.系动词+adj. 18 Open the door, please! Go and g
9、et some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句： 1.省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形 19 找出下列句子的谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? 20 Tom didnt do h
10、is homework yesterday. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now! 21 按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主
11、谓） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓） 主谓小测 祈使句,省略主语you 22 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finish
12、ed 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone 单选： Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的 形式主语 真正的主语 to finish 23 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for赕(鵑倐伀企椁鄂嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃嬃鬃例搀漀挀例搀漀挀尀尀愀戀昀戀愀昀攀昀愀挀挀攀戀堀戀刀堀洀娀一一氀愀瘀猀圀洀娀栀稀戀渀最樀栀圀漀樀昀漀唀礀瘀樀伀桧琀琀瀀猀眀眀眀眀攀渀欀甀渀攀琀挀漀洀椀氀攀刀漀漀琀尀圀攀渀欀甀渀攀琀椀氀攀刀漀漀琀尀搀戀搀挀戀挀搀攀攀挀甀瀀瘀蝎愀猀瀀漀猀攀昀戀愀挀挀搀攀挀攀愀攀搀愡舀甀欟鑴踀!簀毿瘀D昀暏鼀賿榍葲鎏貏榍硲葶昀暏鼀賿榍葲鎏貏榍硲葶氀舰氀谀晓蒏層氀晓蒏層聏氀晓蒏襶桛層氀鐀晓蒏襶桛暈氀洀晓蒏筏氀耰啻葓蕻葑镬葘豙蕻葑恵腵繥尀尀湔譬腔滿繥癒摮蒕偷豛椀美葧氀繥漀蜰溈屝捔睮渀扻捣蹧穎捺湏匀b歰p獟葜睰R獟汑眠湏美
