1、皇冠酒店设计标准手册建筑消防安全Architectural Fire Life SafetySection 8.0 Architectural Fire Life Safety 建筑消防安全8.1 Introduction 介绍8.2 Structure and Material 结构和材料8.3 No Waivers Allowed 不得免责的项目8.4 Windows and Balconies 窗户及阳台8.5 Doors 门8.6 Means of Escape 逃生疏散方式8.7 Stair Enclosures 楼梯间8.8 Lifts/Elevators 电梯8.9 Other
2、其他8.0 Fire and Life Safety 消防及人身安全8.1 Introduction 介绍For the purposes of these standards the Architectural Life Safety Standards incorporates fire, health and safety, food safety, security and leisure safety for guests, employees and visitors (including contractors).建筑人身安全标准结合了消防、健康安全、食品安全，以及客人、员工和访
3、客（包括承包商） 的人身安全。Each Crowne Plaza Hotel must have in place a Fire and Life Safety risk assessment and a fire prevention and protection strategy to be approved by IHG Design & Engineering 每家皇冠假日酒店，都必须拥有IHG 设计与工程部审核通过的消防及人身安全风险评估以及防火保护策略。Approved local regulations will apply in conjunction with the req
4、uirements. In case of conflict the more stringent standards will apply. Any variation must be brought to the attention of IHG Design & Engineering所有要求都必须和当地法规结合实施。当法规要求有冲突时，则采用其中比较严格的标准要求。任何变更都必须提交至IHG 设计与工程部审阅。InterContinental Hotels & Resorts reserves the right to request a report from an independ
5、ent consultant to verify that national/local regulations are equivalent to or more stringent than the InterContinental Hotels & Resorts standard. Costs associated will be borne by the hotel licensee/applicant洲际酒店及度假村，有权要求独立顾问提供核实国家/地方条例的报告，以核实国家/地方条例是否与洲际酒店及度假村标准同等或更严格。相关成本，由酒店执业人/申请人承担。Additional c
6、are must be taken with regard to special events (including exhibitions, speciality banquets and so on) to ensure all additional Fire and Life Safety risks are correctly managed.当举办一些特殊活动（包括展会、特殊宴会等）时，必须确保所有相关于消防及人身安全的额外措施，都已妥善地落实。Each Crowne Plaza hotel must have up to date all necessary operating l
7、icences issued by the relevant controlling authority. These licences, together with an English language translation, where appropriate, must be available for inspection before a hotel is opened and on a regular basis by InterContinental Hotels & Resorts or its appointed agents每家皇冠假日酒店，必须拥有最新的，由相关政府机
8、构颁发的营业执照。这些执照，及其英文翻译，必须在酒店开业前，以及日常检查中，随时提供“洲际酒店和度假村”或其指定代理，现场察看。8.2 Structure & Materials 结构和材料(a) A minimum fire resistance rating shall be achieved in the building structure including but not limited to the following areas: floors, columns, beams, load-bearing walls, stairs and lift/elevator shaft
9、s, chimney and plumbing service shafts, and refuse enclosures建筑机构必须要达到防火等级的最低要求，包含但不仅限于以下区域：地面、柱、梁、承重墙、楼梯及电梯井、烟囱，及给排水检修井，和垃圾间。(b) Low-rise structures (less than 10M) will have a minimum fire resistance rating of 60 minutes低楼层结构（低于10 米），要求至少有60 分钟的防火时间。(c) Medium-rise structures (between 10M-25M) wil
10、l have a minimum fire resistance rating of 90 minutes中等高度楼层结构（高度在10 米至25 米之间的），要求至少有90 分钟的防火时间。(d) High-rise structures (greater than 25M) will have a minimum fire resistance rating of 120 minutes高层建筑（高度大于25 米的），要求至少有120 分钟防火时间。(e) Building height is measured from external fire brigade access level
11、to finished floor level of the highest inhabited floor. Note that this may vary around the perimeter of the building建筑高度的计算，是从室外消防通道地饰面，到有人居住的最高楼层地饰面的高度。注意，沿建筑物外墙的不同位置，建筑物高度的数值可能会有所不同。(f) A minimum fire resistance rating of one hour (60 minutes) must be provided between以下区域之间，要求至少有1 小时（60 分钟）的防火时间 G
12、uestrooms 客房 Guestrooms and corridors 客房和走道 Public areas, service areas and guestrooms 公共区域、服务区域和客房(g) All openings between floors and adjacent areas, for example, openings around pipes, ducts, services or floors, must be fire stopped楼面和交界区域之间的所有开口处，例如，在管线、管道、维修或楼层处，必须做防火封堵。(h) All materials used in
13、 guestrooms and public areas will be inherently flame retardant or pretreated to meet or exceed minimum statutory requirements, local fire and building codes. Wall coverings must be flame retardant type and comply with local fire and building codes客房和公共区域所使用的所有材料，都必须具有阻燃或防火性能，或经过防火处理，并达到或超过法定、地方消防和建
14、筑法规的最低要求。所采用的墙纸必须为防火类型，且符合地方消防建筑法规。(i) Where ground conditions generate gas (such as methane), or where a gas intake point is located such that any escape could have serious consequences, gas escape monitoring equipment and/or special venting systems will be installed如果地面条件容易产生气体（如沼气），或者煤气接入点所处在的位置，
15、使得万一发生泄露会造成严重后果时，必须安装漏气监测装置，和 / 或特殊排风系统。(j) All electrical outlets in corridors, or that are exposed to weather elements that are within 6M of a water source, must be protected by a residual current device and / or a ground fault circuit interrupter所有设置于走道、或暴露在天气因素中，处于水源范围6 米内的电源插座，都必须采用残余电流装置，和 / 或
16、接地电流断路器，进行保护。8.3 No Waivers Allowed 不得免责的项目The following items are a strict must do - No Waivers Allowed以下项目必须严格执行 不得免责的项目(a) Guestrooms equipped with a hard-wired smoke detector that sounds an alarm audible in the guestroom. (Battery operated detectors are not acceptable)客房必须安装由电源直连的烟感探测器，且带警报。（不得采
17、用电池供电的烟感探测器）(b) All other habitable areas of the hotel provided with a smoke detection system connected to a central alarm panel酒店内所有其它居住区域，都需安装连接到中央报警面板的烟感探测系统(c) Activation of an alarm sounds an alarm on the floor of origin, at the constantly attended alarm panel and all areas immediately exposed
18、to the fire火警时，在起火的楼层，和24 小时有人值班的警报控制中心，以及所有即将被火势蔓延的区域，都要启动有声警报。(d) Dead end corridors cannot exceed 9M for new build and 15M for conversion在新建项目中，没有出口的走道长度不得超过9 米；改建项目中则不得超过15 米。(e) Each floor provided with two exits remote from each other每层楼面，需设有两个彼此相隔很远的安全出口。(f) The maximum travel distance betwee
19、n exits does not exceed 60M各出口之间的距离不得超过60 米。(g) Illuminated exits signs with a secondary source of power placed so that the exit from the building is clearly marked应妥善设置带有第二电源供电的发光出口标牌，以使建筑内的安全出口能够清楚地标示。(h) Emergency lighting with a secondary source of power is to be provided in all exit paths, plac
20、es of assembly, and in staff, plant and service areas在所有出口通路、集散区域以及员工、设备服务区域，都要求安装配有第二电源供电的应急灯。(i) The above secondary source provides lighting (power) for at least 60 minutes以上所述供应照明（电力）的第二电源，必须能够至少保持60 分钟。(j) Fire stairs exit outside the building or into an area protected by sprinklers, which lead
21、s to the building exterior消防楼梯直接通向户外，或通向一个连接户外的，由喷淋设施保护的区域。(k) No combustible material installed/stored in exit stairs逃生楼梯处，不得安装 / 储存可燃材料。(l) Fire exit doors swing out in the direction of egress安全逃生门，应该朝疏散方向向外开启。(m) Any place of assembly for over 50 people has not less than 2 exits of appropriate si
22、ze任何一个超过50 人的集散区域，至少要设置两个以上，大小合适的安全出口。(n) Fire rating of 1-hour is required if building structure (highest inhabitable floor level) is less than 25M above grade level or fire department access level如若建筑结构（最高居住楼层）低于25 米楼层或消防可至楼层，要求设有1 小时防火等级。(o) Fire rating of 2-hours is required if building structur
23、e (highest inhabitable floor level) is more than 25M above grade level or fire department access level如若建筑结构（最高居住楼层）超过25 米楼层或消防可至楼层，要求设有2 小时防火等级。(p) Fire separation between guestrooms is 1 hour rated客房之间防火阻隔的时间为1 小时(q) Fire separation between public areas, service areas and guestrooms is 1 hour rate
24、d公共区域、服务区域和客房之间的防火阻隔时间为1 小时(r) Fire separation between different occupancies, e.g. shops and public areas, is 1 hour rated其他不同区域，如商店和公共区域，之间的防火阻隔时间为1 小时。(s) Smoke containment for service or other openings in walls, floors or between fire areas墙面、地面的维修或其它开孔，或消防区域之间，需设置烟雾阻隔措施。(t) Minimum 20 minutes fi
25、re rated doors and frames for guestrooms客房门及门框必须至少要有20 分钟防火等级。(u) All guestroom doors to be self-closing and latching. No hold open mechanism allowed所有客房门必须自动关闭并上锁。不得使用机械装置维持其打开状态。(v) All furnishings, textiles and finishes to be flame retardant所有的家具、织物布料和饰面必须为阻燃材料。(w) Sprinkler protection if buildin
26、g has floors more than 25M above grade level or fire department access level如果建筑物有高于水平面及消防通道平面25 米以上的楼层，则需安装消防喷淋保护设施。(x) Wood frame construction buildings with two floors or more to be provided with sprinkler protection两层楼以上的木框架建筑，必须安装消防喷淋保护设施。(y) Automatic fire suppression system provided in all ki
27、tchen extraction hoods above cooking areas所有厨房烹饪区上面的排烟罩，都必须设置自动灭火系统。8.4 Windows and Balconies 窗及阳台(a) Windows and doors opening onto to a balcony area must have an auxiliary locking device located out of the reach of children and restricting the initial opening of the window or door to 100mm面朝露台区开启的
28、窗和门，必须安装辅助锁装置，且安装于孩童不可触及的地方，并且开窗或开门的初始宽度限定为100mm。(b) Where auxiliary locking devices are not permitted, signs will be fixed at windows and balcony doors warning guests that the opening of the window or the balcony door is not restricted and pointing out the inherent dangers regarding unaccompanied c
29、hildren. The message will be in English with a minimum second language appropriate to the hotels location 如不能安装辅助锁装置，则需在窗和露台门上设置警示标志，警告客人开启窗户或露台门将不受限制，并指出对于无人看护的孩童存在的危险。警示语为英语书写，以及根据酒店所处地区，至少还需由第二种合适的语言书写。(c) Floor-to-ceiling windows require crash bars or decals at an appropriate level. Glass must b
30、e safety toughened glass with appropriate certification地面至天花的落地窗，户要求在适当的高度安装防撞条或贴花纸。窗户所采用的玻璃必须为带有相关证书的钢化安全玻璃。(d) Balcony balustrades to guestrooms or any other area in the hotel must be minimum 1.1M high with any gaps or openings in the balustrade a maximum of 100mm通向客房或酒店其他区域的露台栏杆，高度要求至少为1.1 米，栏杆之间
31、的缝隙或间距不得大于100mm 8.5 Doors 门(a) Doors within a building constructed to achieve 90 minutes structural fire protection (and those buildings of higher rating), along with doors to lifts/elevators, linen chutes, plumbing shafts, refuse enclosures, car parks and staircase doors in buildings over three sto
32、reys, will have 60 minutes fire resistance.要求达到 90 分钟防火等级（以及更高防火等级）的建筑物内的门，以及通向电梯/扶梯、布草滑槽、管道井、垃圾间、车库和三层以上楼梯间的门，防火等级为60 分钟。(b) Doors within a building constructed to achieve 60 minutes structural fire protection, along with doors to storage rooms, plant rooms and plumbing shaft doors where the shaft
33、is horizontally fire stopped at each level, will have 30 minutes fire resistance.要求达到60 分钟防火等级的建筑物内的门，以及通向储藏室、花草室、以及在每一楼层水平方向已阻火的管线井门，防火等级为60 分钟。(c) All door locks will be hotel commercial quality or better. All entrance door hardware will be approved by IHG Design & Engineering.所有门锁均需采用酒店商业等级或更佳的。所
34、有进户门五金都必须由“IHG 设计和工程部门”批准。(d) All fire-resisting doors will have approved self-closing devices. Where these doors need to be held open, magnetic release devices that are linked to the fire alarm system must be used.所有防火门都必须装有自动关闭装置。当此类门需要有保持开启的情况时，必须采用连接到消防报警装置系统的磁性释放装置。(e) Self-closing doors are re
35、quired for storage, maintenance and equipment rooms, kitchens, staircases and exits.储藏室、维修设备间、厨房、楼梯间和安全出口，都要求安装自动关闭的门。(f) A professionally designed and fabricated diagram minimum A4 size, showing the exit path from each guestroom and meeting room to the nearest exit, will be posted on the room side
36、of each guestroom and meeting room door. The message will be in English with a minimum second language appropriate to the hotels location.在每间客房和会议室，面向房间内一面的门上（门背后），都须张贴一张专业设计及制作的，至少为A4 尺寸的图表，上面显示从该客房或会议室通向最近安全出口的疏散路线。图表上的信息由英文书写，根据酒店所处地区，至少写有第二种合适的语言。(g) The laundry chute terminus will be equipped w
37、ith a 60-minute fire resisting door with a selfclosing device and a fusible link. Guest floor laundry chute doors will be self-closing and selflatching.洗衣滑槽末端，应安装具有60 分钟防火等级的，带有自动关闭和熔断装置的门。客房楼层洗衣滑槽的门，必须能够自动关闭和上锁。(h) Where refuse chutes are provided they must be provided with 60-minute fire resisting
38、 doors on all openings that self close and lock when the chute is not in use. The door on the chute terminus may be held open on a fusible link.如果设有垃圾滑槽，则必须在所有开口处，安装 60 分钟防火等级的门，当滑槽不在使用中时，可自动关闭和上锁。垃圾滑槽末端的门，可以在设有熔断装置的情况下保持开启。 Provided with sprinklers inside the chute at the top and every third level.
39、在滑槽的顶部，及每隔第三层的位置，安装消防喷淋。 Vented to the open air at the top.顶部设有通风口 Terminated in a room with an automatic fire suppression system.滑槽终点是一个装有自动灭火系统的房间。(i) A lockable storage area where the luggage of registered guests can be temporarily stored must be available.必须设置供登记入住的客人临时储存行李的可锁储存区域。(j) All kitche
40、n area doors will be minimum 30 minutes fire resisting and a minimum of 900mm wide. They will be self-closing with view window, kick and push plates所有厨房区域的门至少要求有30 分钟防火时间，且最小宽度为900mm。这些自动关闭的门要求安装有可视窗口，以及踢脚板和推手板。(k) All hotels will have electronic card key locks on all guestroom doors. The electronic
41、 lock system must have the following features所酒店的客房门，都必须安装电子门卡锁。电子门卡锁系统必须符合以下要求: Re-key at each rental, voiding previous keys每次租用时重新进行编程，使以前的钥匙卡无效 Power down back-up system断电备用系统 Emergency override紧急重置 Audit/interrogation feature with a printout capability可打印进行审核 / 查询 A mortise with a 21mm dead bolt
42、锁舌 21mm 长无弹簧防盗锁。 16mm throw deadlocking latch set with an anti-panic feature whereby the deadbolt releases upon activation of the door lever on the guestroom side of door16mm 长锁舌的锁定闩，带有紧急逃生设置，转动房间内侧门把手可以直接将锁舌收回。 Auto deadbolts are not permitted不得采用自动锁定闩。 Emergency access must be by a key that retrac
43、ts both dead and latch bolts紧急通路必须要有一把钥匙可以同时释放锁定插销和锁闩。 When the dead bolt is in use, all keys except the emergency keys must be inoperable当使用锁定闩时，除了紧急钥匙之外，其它所有的钥匙都不得开启。(l) An auxiliary non-keyed locking device will be provided on all guestroom doors. The unit must be installed to both the doorjamb a
44、nd the door to maximise the security and strength of the installation and to ensure ease of operation for the guest. This device may be a safety bar/chain or other non-keyed locking device and must be approved by IHG Design & Engineering所有客房门上，都必须安装一套无需钥匙的辅助门锁装置。此装置必须同时安装在门框和门上，既要最大可能地保证安全和强度，又要方便客人
45、使用。此装置可以是一个安全锁闩 / 链条，或其它无需钥匙的门锁装置，并且必须通过“IHG 设计与工程部”的批准。(m) All doors will have a one-way viewer mounted 1.5M above the floor所有的门，在距地面1.5 米以上的位置，安装一个单向猫眼。(n) All guestroom doors and frames will have a minimum fire resistance of 20 minutes and be fitted with an approved self-closing device所有客房门及门框，需有
46、至少20 分钟的防火时间，并安装有合格的闭门器。(o) Connecting guestrooms will have two doors, each with a minimum fire resistance of 30 minutes连通客房需有两扇门，每扇门至少要有30 分钟的防火时间。(p) All connecting guestroom doors will have a mortise thumb-turn dead bolt lock with the thumb turn on the guestroom side of the door. The opposite sid
47、e of the door must use blank plates to assure security, with no access to screws or bolts. Previously existing slide bolts may be left in place for additional security and to avoid creating holes in the doors that will need to be repaired. In addition, doors must have a fixed knob or lever on the gu
48、estroom side of the door. All dead bolt locks will have a minimum throw of 21mm and must be mortised into the door. When locked the bolt must protrude through the doorframe所有连通客房房门，需安装一个手拨锁定闩，在房间内一侧设有旋钮。另一侧则必须使用平板，以确保无法触及螺丝或锁闩，以保证安全。可以保留原有的滑动插销，以确保额外的安全，并避免因拆除此锁而在门上产生需修补的洞。另外，客房一侧的门上必须安装一个固定门球或执手或拉杆。所有的锁定闩必须用榫结合至门内，且锁舌至少要伸出21mm 长。当锁定时，锁舌必须深入门框内。(q) Maintenance access to areas between guestrooms (for example, service ducts) must be controlled with a master key客房之间的检修区域（如服务管线）的通路，必须由一把主控钥
