1、 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基督基督圣经圣经()百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()2/593 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣
2、奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()3/593 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国
3、现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 H
4、arvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()4/593 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 4
5、0 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()5/593 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期
6、戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()6/593 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基督基督圣经圣经()INTRODUCTORY NOTE THE name Confucius is the latinized form of the Chinese characters,Kung F
7、oo-tsze,meaning,“The master,Kung.”The bearer of this name was born of an ancient and distinguished family in the district of Tsow,in the present province of Shen-tung,China,B.C.551.His father was a soldier of reputation and governor of Tsow,but not a man of wealth.Confucius married at nineteen,and i
8、n his early manhood held a minor office;but within a few years he became a public teacher,and soon attracted numerous disciples.Rising in reputation,he was invited to the court of Chow,where he investigated the traditional ceremonies and maxims of the ruling dynasty;and in the following year visited
9、 another state where he studied the ancient music.When he was nearly fifty,in the year 500 B.C.,he again took office,becoming in turn chief magistrate of the town of Chung-too,Assistant-Superintendent of Works to the Ruler of Loo,and finally Minister of Crime.In spite of almost miraculous efficiency
10、,he lost the support of his ruler in 496 B.C.;and until his death in 478 B.C.,he wandered from state to state,sometimes well-treated,sometimes enduring severe hardships,always saddened by the refusal of the turbulent potentates to be guided by his beneficent counsels.No sooner was he dead,however,th
11、an his wisdom was recognized by peasant and emperor alike;admiration rose to veneration,veneration to worship.Sacrifices were offered to him,temples built in his honor,and a cult established which has lasted almost two thousand years.Confucius did not regard himself as an innovator,but as the conser
12、vator of ancient truth and ceremonial propriety.He dealt 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()7/593 withneither theology nor metaphysics,but with moral and political conduct.The Lun Yu,Analects or Sayings of Confucius,were probably compiled,says Legge,“by the disciples of the
13、 disciples of the sage,making free use of the written memorials concerning him which they had received,and the oral statements which they had heard,from their several masters.And we shall not be far wrong,if we determine its date as about the beginning of the third,or the end of the fourth century b
14、efore Christ.”THE SAYINGS OF CONFUCIUSI 1 THE MASTER said:“In learning and straightway practising is there not pleasure also?When friends gather round from afar do we not rejoice?Whom lack of fame cannot vex is not he a gentleman?”2 Yu-tzu注 1said:“A dutiful son and brother is seldom fond of thwartin
15、g those over him:a man unwilling to thwart those over him is never given to crime.A gentleman nurses the roots:when the root has taken,the truth will grow;and what are the roots of love,but the duty of son and of brother?”3 The Master said:“Honeyed words and flattering looks seldom speak of love.”4
16、Tseng-tzu注 2said:“Thrice daily I ask myself:Have I been unfaithful in dealing for others?Have I been untrue to friends?Do I practise what I preach?”5 The Master said:“To guide a land of a thousand chariots,honour business,be true and sparing,love the people,and time thy claims upon them.”6 The Maste
17、r said:“The young should be dutiful at home,modest abroad,heedful and true,full of goodwill for the many,close friends with love;and should they have strength to spare,let them spend it upon the arts.”百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()8/593 7 Tzu-hsia注 3said:“If a man hono
18、ur worth and forsake lust,serve father and mother with all his strength,be ready to give his life for the king,and keep faith with his friends;though men may call him rude,I call him learned.”8 The Master said:“Of a gentleman who is frivolous none stand in awe,nor can his learning be sound.Make fait
19、hfulness and truth thy masters:have no friends unlike thyself:be not ashamed to mend thy faults.”9 Tseng-tzu注 4said:“Respect death and recall forefathers,the good in men will again grow sturdy.”10 Tzu-chin注 5said to Tzu-kung:“The Master,on coming to a country,learns all about the government:does he
20、ask,or is it told him?”Tzu-kung said:“The Master learns it by his warmth and honesty,by politeness,modesty,and yielding.The way that the Master asks is unlike other mens asking.”11 The Master said:“As long as his father lives a son should study his wishes;after he is dead,he should study his life.If
21、 for three years he do not forsake his fathers ways,he may be called dutiful.”12 Yu-tzu注 6said:“In daily courtesy ease is of price.This was the beauty of the old kings ways;this they followed in small and great.But knowing this,it is not right to give way to ease,unchecked by courtesy.This also is w
22、rong.”13 Yu-tzu said:“If promises hug the right,word can be kept:if attentions are bounded by courtesy,shame will be banished:heroes may be worshipped,if we choose them aright.”14 The Master said:“A gentleman who is not a greedy eater,nor a lover of ease at home,who is earnest in deed and careful of
23、 speech,who seeks the righteous and profits by them,may be called fond of learning.”15 Tzu-kung said:“Poor,but no flatterer;rich,but not proud.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()9/593 How were that?”“Good,”said the Master;“but better still were poor,yet merry;rich,yet court
24、eous.”Tzu-kung said:“Where the poem says:If ye cut,if ye file,If ye polish and grind;is that what is meant?”The Master said:“Now I can talk of poetry to thee,Tzu.Given a clue,thou canst find the way.”16 The Master said:“Not to be known should not grieve you:grieve that ye know not men.”II 1 THE MAST
25、ER said:“In governing,cleave to good;as the northstar holds his place,and the multitude of stars revolve upon him.”2 The Master said:“To sum up the three hundred songs in a word,they are free from evil thought.”3 The Master said:“Guide the people by law,subdue them by punishment;they may shun crime,
26、but will be void of shame.Guide them by example,subdue them by courtesy;they will learn shame,and come to be good.”4 The Master said:“At fifteen,I was bent on study;at thirty,I could stand;at forty,doubts ceased;at fifty,I understood the laws of Heaven;at sixty,my ears obeyed me;at seventy,I could d
27、o as my heart lusted,and never swerve from right.”5 Meng Yi asked the duty of a son.The Master said:“Obedience.”As Fan Chih注 7was driving him,the Master said:“Meng-sun注8asked me the duty of a son;I answered Obedience.”“What did ye mean?”said Fan Chih.“To serve our parents with courtesy whilst they l
28、ive,”said the 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()10/593 Master;“to bury them with all courtesy when they die;and to worship them with all courtesy.”6 Meng Wu asked the duty of a son.The Master said:“What weighs on your father and mother is concern for your health.”7 Tzu-yu注
29、 9asked the duty of a son.The Master said:“To-day a man is called dutiful if he keep his father and mother.But we keep both our dogs and horses,and unless we honour parents,is it not all one?”8 Tzu-hsia asked the duty of a son.The Master said:“Our manner is the hard part.For the young to be a stay i
30、n toil,and leave the wine and cakes to their elders,is this to fulfil their duty?”9 The Master said:“If I talk all day to Hui,注 10like a dullard,he never stops me.But when he is gone,if I pry into his life,I find he can do what I say.No,Hui is no dullard.”10 The Master said:“Look at a mans acts;watc
31、h his motives;find out what pleases him:can the man evade you?Can the man evade you?”11 The Master said:“Who keeps the old akindle and adds new knowledge is fitted to be a teacher.”12 The Master said:“A gentleman is not a vessel.”13 Tzu-kung asked,What is a gentleman?The Master said:“He puts words i
32、nto deed first,and sorts what he says to the deed.”14 The Master said:“A gentleman is broad and fair:the vulgar are biassed and petty.”15 The Master said:“Study without thought is vain:thought without study is dangerous.”16 The Master said:“Work on strange doctrines does harm.”百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvar
33、d Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()11/593 17 The Master said:“Yu,注 11shall I teach thee what is understanding?To know what we know,and know what we do not know,that is understanding.”18 Tzu-chang注 12studied with an eye to pay.The Master said:“Listen much,keep silent when in doubt,and always take
34、 heed of the tongue;thou wilt make few mistakes.See much,beware of pitfalls,and always give heed to thy walk;thou wilt have little to rue.If thy words are seldom wrong,thy deeds leave little to rue,pay will follow.”19 Duke Ai注 13asked:“What should be done to make the people loyal?”Confucius answered
35、:“Exalt the straight,set aside the crooked,the people will be loyal.Exalt the crooked,set aside the straight,the people will be disloyal.”20 Chi K ang注 14asked how to make the people lowly,faithful,and willing.The Master said:“Behave with dignity,they will be lowly:be pious and merciful,they will be
36、 faithful:exalt the good,teach the unskilful,they will grow willing.”21 One said to Confucius:“Why are ye not in power,Sir?”The Master answered:“What does the book say of a good son?An always dutiful son,who is a friend to his brothers,showeth the way to rule.This also is to rule.What need to be in
37、power?”22 The Master said:“Without truth I know not how man can live.A cart without a crosspole,a carriage without harness,how could they be moved?”23 Tzu-chang asked whether we can know what is to be ten generations hence.The Master said:“The Yin注 15inherited the manners of the Hsia;the harm and th
38、e good that they wrought them is known.The Chou inherited the manners of the Yin;the harm and the good that they 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()12/593 wrought them is known.And we may know what is to be,even an hundred generations hence,when others follow Chou.”24 The M
39、aster said:“To worship the ghosts of strangers is fawning.To see the right and not do it is want of courage.”III 1 OF the Chi having eight rows of dancers注 16in his hall,Confucius said:“If this is to be borne,what is not to be borne?”2 At the end of worship,the Three Clans made use of the Yunghymn.注
40、 17 The Master said:“The dukes and princes assist,Solemn is the Son of Heaven;what sense has this in the hall of the Three Clans?”3 The Master said:“A man without love,what is courtesy to him?A man without love,what is music to him?”4 Lin Fang asked,What is the life of ceremony?The Master said:“A gr
41、eat question!At hightides,waste is worse than thrift:at burials,grief outweighs nicety.”5 The Master said:“The wild tribes have kings;whilst the realm of Hsia注 18is without!”6 The Chi worshipped on Mount Tai.注 19 The Master said to Jan Yu注 20:“Canst thou not stop this?”He answered:“I cannot.”“Alas!”
42、said the Master;“dost thou set Mount Tai below Lin Fang?”7 The Master said:“A gentleman has no rivalries-except perhaps in archery;and then,as bowing he joins the winners,or steps down to see the loser drink,throughout the struggle he is still the gentleman.”8 Tzu-hsia asked:“What is the meaning of:
43、百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来书 基督圣经()13/593 Her cunning smiles,Her dimples light,Her lovely eyes,So clear and bright,The ground,not yet With colours dight?”The Master said:“Colouring follows groundwork.”“Then does courtesy follow after?”said Tzu-hsia.“Shang,”注 21said the Mast
44、er,“thou hast hit my meaning!Now I can talk of poetry to thee.”9 The Master said:“I can speak of the manners of Hsia;but for Chi witnesses fail.I can speak of the manners of Yin;but for Sung witnesses fail.This is due to their dearth of books and great men.Were there enough of these,they would witne
45、ss for me.”10 The Master said:“After the drink offering at the Great Sacrifice,I have no wish to see more.”11 One asked about the words of the Great Sacrifice.The Master said:“I do not understand them.Could one understand them,he would overlook the world as I this”and he pointed to his palm.12 Worsh
46、ip as though those ye worship stood before you;worship the spirits,as though they stood before you.The Master said:“If I take no part in the sacrifice,it is none to me.”13 Wang-sun Chia注 22said:“What is the meaning of it is better to court the Kitchen God than the God of the Home?”“Not at all,”said
47、the Master.“A sin against Heaven is past praying for.”14 The Master said:“Two lines of kings have passed beneath the ken of Chou.How rich in art is Chou!It is Chou I follow.”15 On entering the Great Temple,the Master asked how each thing was done.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 44 卷 圣书(卷一):孔子 希伯来
48、书 基督圣经()14/593 One said:“Who says that the man of Tsous son has a knowledge of ceremony?On entering the Great Temple,he asked how each thing was done!”On hearing this,the Master said:“Such is the ceremony.16 The Master said:“To pierce through the target does not score in archery;because men differ i
49、n strength.This was the old rule.”17 Tzu-kung wished to do away with the sheep offering at the new moon.The Master said:“Thou lovest the sheep,Tzu:I love the rite.”18 The Master said:“Treat the king with all courtesy,men call it fawning.”19 Duke Ting asked how a king should behave to his ministers;h
50、ow ministers should serve their king?Confucius answered:“A king should behave with courtesy to his ministers;ministers should serve their king faithfully.”20 The Master said:“The poem The Osprey is glad,but not wanton;it is sad,but not morbid.”21 Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo注 23about the shrines of the gua
