1、 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 2/514 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷
2、卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 3/514 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱
3、人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 4/514 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传
4、 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到费兹杰拉
5、德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 5/514 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷
6、哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 6/514 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 INTRODUCTORY NOTE WHEN our Teutonic ancestors migrated to Britain from the Continent of Europe,they brought with them the heroic songs in which their minstrels were accustomed to celebrate the deeds of their kings a
7、nd warriors.In Section xvi of“Beowulf”will be found a short description of the recitation at a feast of this kind of lay.Perhaps as early as the seventh century of our era,after the introduction of Christianity,an unknown poet gathered material from these lays and composed the epic of“Beowulf.”Besid
8、es the stories,he took from the older songs their metrical form and many features of style;but how far he retained their actual language there is no longer any means of knowing.A good deal of comment and reflection he must have added;and the structure of the epic is certainly due to him.He did not s
9、ing or chant to a harp as his predecessors in the treatment of this material had done;he wrote a book to be read.“Beowulf”is thus not folk-song,but belongs to a much more conscious and developed stage of art than the popular ballad.The exploits narrated in the poem belong to the life of Germanic peo
10、ples before they crossed the North Sea,and at least one of the characters can be identified with a historical personage.Hygelac was the Danish king Chochilaicus,who was killed in a raid into the countries near the mouth of the Rhine,not far from 520 A.D.;and as he was the uncle of Beowulf,this fixes
11、 approximately the date for the historical prototype of our hero.But the events of the poem are legendary,not historic.The fights with monsters and dragons,which occupy so much of the poem,are clear evidence of the large extent to which the marvels of popular tradition had attached themselves to fig
12、ures whose historical identity had already become shadowy.Some scholars have even tried to interpret the persons 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 7/514 and events of the poem as mythology;and while one can not deny that mythical elements may have become interwoven,yet the poet believed
13、his hero to be thoroughly human,and his foes to be such ghosts and monsters as are still believed in by the peasantry in many parts of Europe.From Professor Gummeres translation,which preserves with great skill the essential metrical features of the original,accent and alliteration,one can get a goo
14、d idea of the rhythmic vigor of the old English.The translation is made from the solitary text which has come down to us,a manuscript of the tenth century,now in the British Museum.Although,as has been said,the chief materials of the poem must have come from the Continent,much of the detail giving a
15、 picture of life at an old Germanic court is likely to have been drawn from the England of the writers own day.“Beowulf”thus comes to have,in addition to its interest as the earliest extended imaginative work extant among the Teutonic peoples,a special value for the light it throws on the culture an
16、d ideals of character prevalent during the first centuries of the English occupation of Britain.BEOWULF TRANSLATED BY FRANCIS B.GUMMERE PRELUDE OF THE FOUNDER OF THE DANISH HOUSE LO,praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes,in days long sped,we have heard,and what honor the atheling
17、s won!Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,from many a tribe,the mead-bench tore,awing the earls.Since erst he lay friendless,a foundling,fate repaid him:for he waxed under welkin,in wealth he throve,till before him the folk,both far and near,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 8/514
18、 who house by the whale-path,heard his mandate,gave him gifts:a good king he!To him an heir was afterward born,a son in his halls,whom heaven sent to favor the folk,feeling their woe that erst they had lacked an earl for leader so long a while;the Lord endowed him,the Wielder of Wonder,with worlds r
19、enown.Famed was this Beowulf:注 1far flew the boast of him,son of Scyld,in the Scandian lands.So becomes it a youth to quit him well with his fathers friends,by fee and gift,that to aid him,agd,in after days,come warriors willing,should war draw nigh,liegemen loyal:by lauded deeds shall an earl have
20、honor in every clan.Forth he fared at the fated moment,sturdy Scyld to the shelter of God.Then they bore him over to oceans billow,loving clansmen,as late he charged them,while wielded words the winsome Scyld,the leader belovd who long had ruled.In the roadstead rocked a ring-dight vessel,ice-flecke
21、d,outbound,athelings barge:there laid they down their darling lord on the breast of the boat,the breaker-of-rings,注 2 by the mast the mighty one.Many a treasure fetched from far was freighted with him.No ship have I known so nobly dight with weapons of war and weeds of battle,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard
22、 Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 9/514 with breastplate and blade:on his bosom lay a heapd hoard that hence should go far oer the flood with him floating away.No less these loaded the lordly gifts,thanes huge treasure,than those had done who in former time forth had sent him sole on the seas,a suckling child.
23、High oer his head they hoist the standard,a gold-wove banner;let billows take him,gave him to ocean.Grave were their spirits,mournful their mood.No man is able to say in sooth,no son of the halls,no hero neath heaven,who harbored that freight!I NOW Beowulf bode in the burg of the Scyldings,leader be
24、lovd,and long he ruled in fame with all folk,since his father had gone away from the world,till awoke an heir,haughty Healfdene,who held through life,sage and sturdy,the Scyldings glad.Then,one after one,there woke to him,to the chieftain of clansmen,children four:Heorogar,then Hrothgar,then Halga b
25、rave:and I heard that Elan was Ongentheows queen,the Heathoscylfings helpmate dear.To Hrothgar was given such glory of war,such honor of combat,that all his kin obeyed him gladly till great grew his band of youthful comrades.It came in his mind to bid his henchmen a hall uprear,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harva
26、rd Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 10/514 a master mead-house,mightier far than ever was seen by the sons of earth,and within it,then,to old and young he would all allot that the Lord had sent him,save only the land and the lives of his men.Wide,I heard,was the work commanded,for many a tribe this mid-earth r
27、ound,to fashion the folkstead.It fell,as he ordered,in rapid achievement that ready it stood there,of halls the noblest:Heorot注 3he named it whose message had might in many a land.Not reckless of promise,the rings he dealt,treasure at banquet:there towered the hall,high,gabled wide,the hot surge wai
28、ting of furious flame.注 4Nor far was that day when father and son-in-law stood in feud for warfare and hatred that woke again.注 5 With envy and anger an evil spirit endured the dole in his dark abode,that he heard each day the din of revel high in the hall:there harps rang out,clear song of the sing
29、er.He sang who knew注 6 tales of the early time of man,how the Almighty made the earth,fairest fields enfolded by water,set,triumphant,sun and moon for a light to lighten the land-dwellers,and braided bright the breast of earth with limbs and leaves,made life for all of mortal beings that breathe and
30、 move.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 11/514 So lived the clansmen in cheer and revel a winsome life,till one began to fashion evils,that fiend of hell.Grendel this monster grim was called,march-riever注 7mighty,in moorland living,in fen and fastness;fief of the giants the hapless wight
31、 a while had kept since the Creator his exile doomed.On kin of Cain was the killing avenged by sovran God for slaughtered Abel.Ill fared his feud,注 8and far was he driven,for the slaughters sake,from sight of men.Of Cain awoke all that woful breed,Etins注 9and elves and evil-spirits,as well as the gi
32、ants that warred with God weary while:but their wage was paid them!II WENT he forth to find at fall of night that haughty house,and heed wherever the Ring-Danes,outrevelled,to rest had gone.Found within it the atheling band asleep after feasting and fearless of sorrow,of human hardship.Unhallowed wi
33、ght,grim and greedy,he grasped betimes,wrathful,reckless,from resting-places,thirty of the thanes,and thence he rushed fain of his fell spoil,faring homeward,laden with slaughter,his lair to seek.Then at the dawning,as day was breaking,the might of Grendel to men was known;百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Cl
34、assics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 12/514 then after wassail was wail uplifted,loud moan in the morn.The mighty chief,atheling excellent,unblithe sat,labored in woe for the loss of his thanes,when once had been traced the trail of the fiend,spirit accurst:too cruel that sorrow,too long,too loathsome.Not late the r
35、espite;with night returning,anew began ruthless murder;he recked no whit,firm in his guilt,of the feud and crime.They were easy to find who elsewhere sought in room remote their rest at night,bed in the bowers,注 10when that bale was shown,was seen in sooth,with surest token,the hall-thanes注 11hate.S
36、uch held themselves far and fast who the fiend outran!Thus ruled unrighteous and raged his fill one against all;until empty stood that lordly building,and long it bode so.Twelve years tide the trouble he bore,sovran of Scyldings,sorrows in plenty,boundless cares.There came unhidden tidings true to t
37、he tribes of men,in sorrowful songs,how ceaselessly Grendel harassed Hrothgar,what hate he bore him,what murder and massacre,many a year,feud unfading,refused consent to deal with any of Danelands earls,make pact of peace,or compound for gold:still less did the wise men ween to get 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 H
38、arvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 13/514 great fee for the feud from his fiendish hands.But the evil one ambushed old and young,death-shadow dark,and dogged them still,lured,or lurked in the livelong night of misty moorlands:men may say not where the haunts of these Hell-Runes注 12be.Such heaping of horro
39、rs the hater of men,lonely roamer,wrought unceasing,harassings heavy.oer Heorot he lorded,gold-bright hall,in gloomy nights;and neer could the prince注 13approach his throne,twas judgment of God,or have joy in his hall.Sore was the sorrow to Scyldings-friend,heart-rending misery.Many nobles sat assem
40、bled,and searched out counsel how it were best for bold-hearted men against harassing terror to try their hand.Whiles they vowed in their heathen fanes altar-offerings,asked with words注 14 that the slayer-of-souls would succor give them for the pain of their people.Their practice this,their heathen
41、hope;twas Hell they thought of in mood of their mind.Almighty they knew not,Doomsman of Deeds and dreadful Lord,nor Heaven-Helmet heeded they ever,Wielder-of-Wonder.Woe for that man who in harm and hatred hales his soul to fiery embraces;nor favor nor change awaits he ever.But well for him that afte
42、r death-day may draw to his Lord,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 14/514 and friendship find in the Fathers arms!III THUS seethed unceasing the son of Healfdene with the woe of these days;not wisest men assuaged his sorrow;too sore the anguish,loathly and long,that lay on his folk,most
43、baneful of burdens and bales of the night.This heard in his home Hygelacs thane,great among Geats,of Grendels doings.He was the mightiest man of valor in that same day of this our life,stalwart and stately.A stout wave-walker he bade make ready.Yon battle-king,said he,far oer the swan-road he fain w
44、ould seek,the noble monarch who needed men!The princes journey by prudent folk was little blamed,though they loved him dear;they whetted the hero,and hailed good omens.And now the bold one from bands of Geats comrades chose,the keenest of warriors eer he could find;with fourteen men the sea-wood注 15
45、he sought,and,sailor proved,led them on to the lands confines.Time had now flown;注 16afloat was the ship,boat under bluff.On board they climbed,warriors ready;waves were churning sea with sand;the sailors bore on the breast of the bark their bright array,their mail and weapons:the men pushed off,on
46、its willing way,the well-braced craft.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 15/514 Then moved oer the waters by might of the wind that bark like a bird with breast of foam,till in season due,on the second day,the curvd prow such course had run that sailors now could see the land,sea-cliffs s
47、hining,steep high hills,headlands broad.Their haven was found,their journey ended.Up then quickly the Weders注 17clansmen climbed ashore,anchored their sea-wood,with armor clashing and gear of battle:God they thanked for passing in peace oer the paths of the sea.Now saw from the cliff a Scylding clan
48、sman,a warden that watched the water-side,how they bore oer the gangway glittering shields,war-gear in readiness;wonder seized him to know what manner of men they were.Straight to the strand his steed he rode,Hrothgars henchman;with hand of might he shook his spear,and spake in parley.“Who are ye,th
49、en,ye armd men,maild folk,that yon mighty vessel have urged thus over the ocean ways,here oer the waters?A warden I,sentinel set oer the sea-march here,lest any foe to the folk of Danes with harrying fleet should harm the land.No aliens ever at ease thus bore them,linden-wielders:注 18yet word-of-lea
50、ve clearly ye lack from clansmen here,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 49 卷 史诗与传说 16/514 my folks agreement.A greater neer saw I of warriors in world than is one of you,yon hero in harness!No henchman he worthied by weapons,if witness his features,his peerless presence!I pray you,though,tell your
