1、者的讨价还价能力、潜在进入者的威胁、替代品的威胁和现有企业之间的竞争。该模型由迈克尔波特（Michael Porter）于上世纪80年代初提出，对公司战略制定产生全球性的深远影响，用于竞争战略的分析，可以有效的分析客户的竞争环境。波特的“五力”分析法是对一个产业盈利能力和吸引力的静态断面扫描，说明的是该产业中的企业平均具有的盈利空间，所以这是一个产业形势的衡量指标，而非企业能力的衡量指标。5、SCP产业分析模型SCP（structure-conduct-performance，结构行为绩效）模型是由美国哈佛大学产业经济学权威贝恩（Bain）、谢勒（Scherer）等人建立的。该模型提供了一个既
2、能深入具体环节，又有系统逻辑体系的产业分析框架，即：行业结构（Structure）企业行为（Conduct）经营绩效（Performance）。SCP框架的基本涵义是，行业结构决定企业在市场中的行为，而企业行为又决定市场运行在各个方面的经济绩效。SCP模型，主要用于分析行业或者企业在受到外部冲击（主要是指行业或企业外部经济环境、政治、技术、文化变迁、消费习惯等因素的变化）时，可能的战略调整及行为变化。行业结构：主要是指外部各种环境的变化对企业所在行业可能产生的影响，包括行业竞争的变化、产品需求的变化、细分市场的变化、营销模型的变化等。企业行为：主要是指企业针对外部的冲击和行业结构的变化，有可能
3、采取的应对措施，包括企业方面对相关业务单元的整合、业务的扩张与收缩、营运方式的转变、管理的变革等一系列变动。经营绩效：主要是指在外部环境发生变化的情况下，企业在经营利润、产品成本、市场份额等方面的变化趋势。 19 / 17 访问网址: /编制要求2K320153 工程竣工备案的相关规定2K320154 城市建设档案管理与报送的规定2K330000 市政公用工程项目施工相关法规与标准2K331000 市政公用工程相关法规2K331010 城市道路管理的有关规定2K331011 道路与其他市政公用设施建设应遵循的原则2K331012 占用或挖掘城市道路的管理规定2K331020 城市绿化管理的有关
4、规定2K331021 保护城市绿地的规定2K331022 保护城市的树木花草和绿化设施的规定2K332000 市政公用工程相关技术标准2K332010 城镇道路工程施工与质量验收的有关规定2K332011 城镇道路工程施工过程技术管理的基本规定2K332012 城镇道路工程施工开放交通的规定2K332020 城市桥梁工程施工与质量验收的有关规定2K332021 城市桥梁工程施工过程质量控制的规定2K332022 城市桥梁工程施工质量验收的规定2K332030 地下铁道工程施工及验收的有关规定2K332031 喷锚暗挖法隧道施工的规定2K332032 地下铁道工程施工质量验收的规定2K33204
5、0 给水排水构筑物工程施工及验收的有关规定2K332041 给水排水构筑物工程所用材料、产品的规定2K332042 水池气密性试验的要求2K332050 给水排水管道工程施工及验收的有关规定2K332051 给水排水管道工程施工质量控制的规定2K332052 给水排水管道沟槽回填的要求2K332060 城镇供热管网工程施工及验收的有关规定2K332061 供热管道焊接施工单位应具备的条件2K332062 直埋保温接头的规定2K332070 城镇燃气输配工程施工及验收的有关规定2K332071 钢管焊接人员应具备的条件2K332072 聚乙烯燃气管道连接的要求2K333000 二级建造师(市政公
6、用工程)注册执业管理规定及相关要求2K333001 二级建造师(市政公用工程)注册执业工程规模标准2K333002 二级建造师(市政公用工程)注册执业工程范围2K333003 二级建造师(市政公用工程)施工管理签章文件目录徚徚国家机关B.社会组织和自然人C.经济组织的内部组织D.个体工商户和农村承包经营户15.行政诉讼程序中的审判监督程序也称再审程序。下列有关再审程序的说法中，正确的有（ CD ）A.再审程序是一个独立的审级B.再审程序是行政诉讼的必经程序C.再审程序可经人民检察院抗诉而启动D.再审程序可由上级人民法院指令而启动16.下列关于依法治国与以德治国关系的理解中正确的有（ ACD ）
7、A.依法治国与以德治国相互促进B.依法治国与以德治国都属于政治建设、政治文明的范畴C.以德治国是在依法治国的基础上，对人们的思想道德提出的更高要求D.在道德标准与法律标准发生冲突的场合，最终应当坚持法律的立场，依法办事17.我国社会主义法律的优越性主要体现在它的本质上。下列关于我国社会主义法律本质的表述中正确的有（ BCD ）A.我国社会主义法律具有广泛的人民性，而不再具有阶级性B.我国社会主义法律尊重和反映了客观规律，因而具有先进性C.我国社会主义法律是建设中国特色社会主义事业的制度保障D.我国社会主义法律坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论18法律的国家强制力表现为( AB )。
8、A国家对违法行为的制裁 B国家对合法行为的保护C法律的每一个实施过程都要借助于国家的强制力 D国家是保证法律实施的唯一力量19宪法的基本原则包括（ ABCDE ）。A党的领导原则 B人民主权原则 C公民权利原则 D法治原则 E民主集中原则20根据法律规定的内容不同，可以将法律划分为实体法和程序法。下列选项中，属于实体法的有( ABCE )。A中华人民共和国刑法 B中华人民共和国著作权法C中华人民共和国行政复议法 D中华人民共和国民事诉讼法 C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people D. the difference bet
9、ween carpenters and people with other jobs18. A sound scientific theory should be one that _ . A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times B. does not allow any changes even under different conditions C. can be used for many purposes D
10、. leave no room for improvement19. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate _ . A. that measurements are keys to success in science B. that accuracy of mathematics C. that the investigations are important in science D. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations
11、20. What is the main idea of the passage? _ A. The theory of relativity. B. Exactness is the core of science. C. Scientists are different from ordinary people. D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist. Passage 3 A characteristic of American culture that has beco
12、me almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man - the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the commu
13、nity than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort. This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home
14、that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华的) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it h
15、erself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A
16、professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work wit
17、h a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education. (291 words) 21. From paragraph I, we know that in America _ . A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man B. people can always rise to the top through their won efforts C. college professors win great respect from c
18、ommon workers D. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors22. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because A. servants in American are hard to get B. she takes pride in what she can do herself C. she can hardly afford servants D. It is easy to prepare a meal
19、 with canned food23. The expression wait on table in the second paragraph means _A. work in a furniture shopB. keep accounts for a barC. wait to lay the tableD. serve customers in a restaurant24. The authors attitude towards manual (体力的) labor is _. A. positive B. negative C. humorous D. critical25.
20、 Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? A. A Respectable Self-made Family. B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor. C. Characteristics of American Culture. D. The Development of Manual Labor.第三部分: 词汇和结构 (共20小题; 每小题1分, 满分20分) 化化踀化化蠀化樀化化开化化吖輀唖餀嘖鼀圖堖外娖娖娖最嬖尖崖帖弖怖愖或挖挖挖搖攖攖昖朖栖椖樖欖氖洖渖漖瀖焖爖匀猖尀琖愀琖甖礀瘖笀眖
